[…] outside the crowd, make the little clouds of dust distant one from another by as much as the interval of the leaps made by the horse; and let that cloud which is farthest from the horse be seen least — rather high, spread and thin — and the nearest be more distinct, smaller and denser. Let the air be full of arrows of various kinds, some rising, some descending, some flying in a level line; and let the balls of the harquebusiers be accompanied by some smoke behind their course. And the foremost figures you shall make dusty in the hair and eyebrows and other flat places apt to hold dust. Make the victors running with their hair and other light things scattered in the wind, with their eyebrows low … not finished. L.T. is the mark of the part that follows on folio 85.

[149] On the way to render distant things in painting.
It is clearly seen that there is one air thicker than the rest, which borders on the flat ground; and the higher it rises, the thinner and more transparent it is. As for elevated and great things that are far from you, their lower part will be little seen, because you see it through a line that passes amid the thicker, continuous air. The summit of such heights is found to be seen through a line which, though at the side of your eye it arises in the thick air, nevertheless, ending at the topmost height of the thing seen, comes to end in air much thinner than does its base; and for this reason this line, the farther it moves away from you point by point, always changes quality from thin to thinner air. Therefore you, painter, when you make mountains, make that from hill to hill the lower parts always […]