Painting a Battle: Blood, Fallen Men, and Charging Horses
Directions to the painter for rendering the carnage, dust, and confusion of combat
This page of the Treatise on Painting continues Leonardo's famous instructions on how to represent a battle. He tells the painter to show shed blood turning to red mud, dying men clenching their teeth and rolling their eyes, a disarmed man taking revenge with bites and scratches, a riderless horse galloping with streaming mane, and reserve squadrons peering through the dust for the captain's signal. The full page is a continuous prose passage with no drawing.
On this page
Blood turned to mud and the throes of the dying
The painter should show shed blood turning into red mud and running in a twisting course from the body into the dust. Dying men clench their teeth, roll their eyes, press their fists against their bodies, and twist their legs. No level ground should be left that is not trampled and full of blood.
A riderless horse charging with streaming mane
A light, riderless horse runs with its mane blown in the wind, galloping among the enemy and doing much harm with its hooves. A river crossed by running horses fills the water with turbulent waves, foam, and spray leaping among the legs and bodies of the horses.
A disarmed man and the watching reserves
A man beaten down and disarmed turns on his enemy to take cruel revenge with bites and scratches, while another crippled figure shields himself with his buckler. The reserve squadrons stand full of hope and misgiving, brows knit and hands shading their eyes, watching for the captain who runs up with raised baton.
