Shadow and Light: Primitive, Derivative, Simple and Compound
Shadow as privation of light, and its division into primitive/derivative and simple/compound.
Continuing Part Five, Leonardo defines shadow as the privation of light and the mere opposition of dense bodies to luminous rays, and argues that shadow is more powerful than light because light can never wholly drive shadow from a dense body. He then divides shadow into primitive and derivative, and its species into simple, cast by one light and one body, and compound, produced by several lights or several bodies. Cross-references to 'Book A, folios 33 and 34' within the text point back to the source notebooks behind the compilation.
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Shadow and light as opposites; shadow the stronger
Shadow is the privation of light and the opposition of dense bodies to luminous rays; the one conceals, the other reveals, and both are always joined to bodies. Shadow is of greater power than light, for it wholly deprives bodies of light, whereas light can never fully drive shadow from a dense body.
Primitive and derivative shadow
Shadow divides into two parts, the first called primitive shadow and the second derivative shadow. The shadows in bodies are generated by the dark objects set opposite them, and divide into these same two kinds.
Simple and compound shadow
The species of shadow divide into simple and compound: simple shadow is caused by a single light and a single body; compound shadow is generated by several lights upon one body, or by several lights upon several bodies. The passage breaks off subdividing simple shadow in turn.