Cutting muscle and hollow: the sculptor's labour of mind
Only true measurement, not the eye, keeps the carver from removing too much marble
The argument continues that knowing the boundaries of things from every side adds no real labour, since it is always latent in painter and sculptor alike. The sculptor, cutting the intervals between muscles and leaving their reliefs, must move sideways and bend to see their true height and depth, correcting his contours in profile. Leonardo grants this the name "fatigue of the mind," but insists the sculptor gains only bodily fatigue; and he adds that over-cutting the marble springs from ignorance, for such men are not masters but spoilers of stone. The leaf is text only, with no drawing.
On this page
Cutting the intervals and reliefs of the muscles
Having to cut away where the intervals between muscles fall and leave standing where their reliefs rise, the sculptor cannot give them their due form beyond their length and breadth unless he moves sideways, bending or raising himself to see the true height of the muscles and the true depth of their intervals, then correcting the contours in profile.
Over-cutting marble is the mark of ignorance
The sculptor pleads that once he cuts away he cannot add back, as the painter can. Leonardo answers that a perfect art would raise, through knowledge of measurements, only what is needed and not the excess; such over-removal comes from ignorance, and those who commit it are not masters but spoilers of marble.
