Why Trees Look Lighter Near and Darker Far
Three causes of a tree's changing tone with distance, and why very distant trees brighten
This leaf completes the previous diagram's last case, a leaf projecting before the fourth leaf d, then gives three reasons why trees of the same kind look lighter close up and darker far off. Their shadows read as darker nearby, throwing lit branches into contrast; receding air lightens and blues the shadows so the lit branches lose their comparison; and the many small lights and darks blur together, with shadow prevailing over the fewer highlights. A further chapter notes that beyond a certain distance the opposite holds, and trees grow steadily brighter as they recede toward the horizon.
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Three causes trees appear lighter up close
Trees of one species look brighter near and darker at distance for three reasons: nearby shadows read as darker and make neighbouring lit branches seem lighter; as the eye withdraws, thicker interposed air lightens the shadow toward blue and robs the lit branches of clear comparison; and the small lights and darks blur at their edges, the more plentiful shadows gaining the upper hand over the few highlights.
Beyond a distance, receding trees brighten
The luminous parts grow stronger the more powerfully they are lit and the less air lies between them and the eye. Leonardo adds that past a certain distance the rule reverses: the farther trees withdraw from the eye, the lighter they appear, until at last they match the brightness of the air at the horizon.
