Simple and Composite Shadow; Light for Portraying Faces
Treatise on Painting: shadows, flesh tones, and figures set for wall narratives
A run of chapters from Leonardo's Treatise on Painting on how light and shadow give a face relief and beauty. He distinguishes simple shadow (open country, no sun) from composite shadow (window or sun, mixed with reflections) and warns against faking one for the other. Further chapters prescribe a special room, open to the air with flesh-coloured walls, for portraying complexions, and how the painter must judge eye-level when placing figures in a wall painting (istoria). The page is neat Melzi text with no diagram.
On this page
Simple versus composite shadow (chap. B)
Do not portray an indoor figure by a particular light while pretending it is the universal light of the open country without sun. Open country makes simple shadow, whereas the particular light of a window or the sun makes composite shadow, mixed with reflections.
A room for portraying flesh tones (chap. C)
The dwelling for portraying complexions of faces or nudes should be open to the air, with walls of flesh colour, and the sittings made in summer when clouds cover the sun. Alternatively the south wall is built high so the sun's rays cannot strike the north wall and spoil the shadows with reflected light.
Eye-level for figures in a wall narrative (chap. D)
In painting an istoria on a wall the painter must consider the height at which the figures will be placed. Whatever he portrays from nature for it he should keep his eye as much lower than the model as the finished thing will be set high in the work.
