Blocking the Lower Ray Extinguishes the Ray Above the Light
Continuing the study of rays around a light, with an adversary's objection and reply
This dense column continues the demonstration of the rays seen around a light. If the luminous body is a, its middle ray a o goes straight to the pupil while the lower ray a m strikes the lashes, makes several images, and these refract at the lid's rim n back into the eye to form the ray-like splendour. Leonardo argues that cutting the lower ray a m at t s necessarily makes the upper ray at n fail, explaining why blocking the ray below the light loses the ray above. He then states an adversary's objection, that the image passes between the lashes and is split by them, and begins his reply.
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Cutting the lower ray extinguishes the ray above the light
The middle ray a o goes straight to the pupil, while the lower ray a m strikes the convexity of the lids on several lashes, makes many images, and refracts at the rim n back into the eye's light. If the lower ray a m is cut at t s, it is no longer impressed on the lids' curvature, so the upper ray at n fails, and thus blocking the ray below the light loses the upper ray entirely.
An adversary's objection on images split by the lashes
The adversary holds that the image comes from the luminous body, passes between the lashes, is impressed in the thickness of the lids' rims, and from there leaps to the pupil, turned into rays because divided by the lashes it passed through. Leonardo begins his reply, that blocking the image below would not, in that case, lose the rays above.
