Squaring curvilinear figures: lunes, rosettes and a hexagon
Proofs that curved-sided figures equal to a square are themselves squarable
This densely worked sheet pursues the quadrature of curvilinear figures — the squaring of shapes bounded by circular arcs. Compass rosettes, a hexagon and dozens of lens- and star-shaped lunes accompany step-by-step arguments that any curvilinear surface equal to a given square is itself squarable, carried out by cutting curved-sided triangles (labelled a, b, c, n, m, q, o, p, i) and reassembling them into rectilinear, measurable pieces. A short column of addition, headed 'sum of the numbers', sits at the lower right. The Ambrosiana catalogue tags the leaf, somewhat incongruously, with a needle-sharpening machine.
On this page
Every curvilinear surface equal to a square is squarable
Beside a six-pointed star inscribed in a circle and a hexagon, labelled b c a - n; m, the principle is stated: every curvilinear surface equal to a given square is itself squarable. The hatched surface n, being equal to the figure m below, becomes wholly rectilinear once its 12 equal curved-sided triangles like a b are removed, and so is squarable.
Cutting and reassembling the figure a b c
A worked construction, labelled n - q o - m - p, squares the figure a b c step by step: taking away q (two similar curves), moving curve n into m, cutting the rectilinear triangle o and joining it to the quadrature of q, then finishing with the square i, so that the remaining square n is shown equal to p.
Subtracting one crescent from another
For a sector with separated crescents, labelled c - b, the reasoning runs: a b remain equal to one another; c is known and so is b; take b from c, which is the greater, and the remainder of c is squarable.
Transferring an area between figures
A figure labelled S b - r - a - o carries the note: I have r S equal to b a; I add a o to b a and lose it in o r, and they remain as before and are similar to b S. It records the exchange of equal curved areas.
Remove the portion, add the triangle
A cancelled figure at the lower right is annotated with the operation itself: I remove the portion and add the triangle — the basic move by which a curved-sided piece is swapped for an equal rectilinear one.
Sum of the numbers
At the lower right a short column of addition is headed 'sum of the numbers', running 3, 5, 8, 6, 6, 5 (22.6), 10, 4, 8, 6, 6, 2, 1 (37) to a total of 59.
