Codex Atlanticus

Machines & DevicesOdometer and pedometer: machines that measure distance

Machines & DevicesBlank Verso with Large Stains

Machines & DevicesMachine for Sawing Stone Slabs

Machines & DevicesBlank Blue-Grey Verso

Machines & DevicesLarge Excavating Machine and Earth-Moving Weights

Machines & DevicesBlank Verso

Machines & DevicesLarge Hoisting Machine and Ditch Measurements

GeometryBlank verso with faint show-through of machinery

Machines & DevicesLifting pump with lead-sealed valves and an optical sighting tube

GeometryFive small geometric figures on a near-blank verso

Machines & DevicesMachines for raising water and drawing wire

Machines & DevicesBlank verso with show-through of cranes and levers

Machines & DevicesMachines for raising water, with a man-driven treadwheel

Machines & DevicesFaint sketches and a wheel-driven mechanism (verso)

HydraulicsWater-wheel driven by a river to grind mills

Machines & DevicesFaint mechanisms with numbers and fractions (verso)

Painting & PerspectiveEqual objects appear smaller with distance

Painting & PerspectiveEqual objects appear smaller with distance (verso)

Machines & DevicesMachine for drawing iron into cannon barrels

Blank Verso, No Writing or Drawings

Machines & DevicesWater-Driven Machine for Drawing Metal Wire

Blank Verso, No Writing or Drawings

Machines & DevicesMachine for Cutting Metal Bars (Troncasbarre)

Machines & DevicesFaint Study of a File-Cutting Machine

Machines & DevicesWeight-Driven Wheel-and-Drum Mechanism

HydraulicsBlank verso, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesPolishing machine for ground disks

ArchitectureBlank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometryGeometry, a pavilion frame and mechanical sketches

Machines & DevicesWire-drawing machine, cranes and lifting devices

Weapons & FortificationGeared war machine, a bombard mechanism

Weapons & FortificationNear-blank verso, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesSprings, levers and toothed-wheel mechanisms

Machines & DevicesCart drive and apparatus for a hollow fire-sphere

Personal NotesLetter draft, names and proverbs with military mechanisms

Machines & DevicesWalnut oil for painting, with mechanisms and pen-trials

HydraulicsWeighing a fall of water, with mechanisms

GeometryFaint ruled lines and compass circles (verso)

Machines & DevicesMachine driven by a 10,000-pound counterweight

Lists & AccountsMilan Cathedral account: a merchant's debits and credits

Machines & DevicesSelf-turning roasting spit driven by rising heat

Blank leaf (verso), without writing or drawings

Machines & DevicesSheet of machine sketches with circle-squaring figures

GeometryFaint sketches revealed by restoration (recorded as blank)

Machines & DevicesToothed shears for cutting iron, with chains and gears

Machines & DevicesHow a saw cuts: kerf width, blade angle and the pull-stroke

Machines & DevicesMachine that cuts the teeth of files by itself

Machines & DevicesBlank verso, with faint show-through of the file machine

Machines & DevicesMechanism with paired end-boxes and a central rocking arm

Machines & DevicesBlank verso with faint machine forms showing through

Machines & DevicesMachines for raising water; diving and water-walking devices

HydraulicsWater-raising screws, wheels and counterweight pumps

Machines & DevicesGrinding wheels and water-mill gearing; a large boat

Machines & DevicesBlank verso with faint show-through of the recto's machinery

Machines & DevicesBuilding-site machines: hoists, a screw press and a domed building

Machines & DevicesBlank Leaf (Verso), Invisible Before Restoration

Machines & DevicesAutomatic Hammer with a Self-Releasing Escapement

Arithmetic & ProportionColumn of Figures with Faint Mechanical Sketches

Machines & DevicesHoists, a Screw Conveyor, and Interlocking Locking Beams

Machines & DevicesGeared Winches and a Wax-and-Cotton Hygrometer

Weapons & FortificationMortar Firing a Burst of Exploding Shells

Weapons & FortificationNearly blank verso with faint offset traces

Weapons & FortificationSwivel guns, cartridges and a spring-finned dart

HydraulicsNearly blank verso with faint offset traces

Weapons & FortificationBattery of mortars firing exploding shells

Physics & MechanicsNearly blank verso with faint offset traces

Machines & DevicesEarth-boring auger, water-raising gear and a lamp

Weapons & FortificationFaint defensive devices revealed by restoration

Machines & DevicesMachines, balances and military-hydraulic devices

HydraulicsLeaf recorded as blank before restoration

GeometryGeometry, calculations and machine studies

GeometryFaint geometric and mechanical drawings, no writing

Machines & DevicesGears, gun-barrels and mill machinery

Lists & AccountsMerchant's Ledger: Balanced Debit and Credit Accounts

Machines & DevicesMachine Studies: Pincers, Screw-Jack, Springald and Arches

Blank Verso of Folio 38 (Recto Showing Through)

Machines & DevicesAutomatic Goldbeating Hammer Driven by Geared Wheels

Machines & DevicesAutomatic Cloth-Shearing Machine (Cropping the Nap)

Physics & MechanicsStudies of Levers, Pulleys, Gears and Proportion

Machines & DevicesSheet of mechanical and geometric studies (no text)

Machines & DevicesWire-drawing machine and the power of percussion

Physics & MechanicsNear-blank verso with faint charcoal traces

Physics & MechanicsWeighing materials, poisoning trees, and a water clock

Machines & DevicesWater clocks and a meditation on measuring time

Machines & DevicesMechanical and throwing-engine studies (no text)

Machines & DevicesHoisting a great weight and the squaring of triangles

Painting & PerspectivePerspective and geometric studies

GeometrySquaring the circle: hexagons, bi-angles and proportional circles

Machines & DevicesA great wheel, amphitheatre steps, and a fable of the sword

ArchitectureNear-blank verso with two indefinable drawings

Machines & DevicesMilling machine and column studies

Machines & DevicesTwo Mounted Fragments, Blank on This Side

Machines & DevicesOil Press and Studies of Screw Threads

Machines & DevicesSheet of machines: a six-stone mill, a segmented bombard and a screw

Physics & MechanicsBombard Ballistics and Pulley Geometry

Machines & DevicesCompasses, Dividers, and Knot Ornaments

Weapons & FortificationWheeled Assault Bridge and Bombard on a Carriage

Weapons & FortificationVerso: Show-Through of Assault Bridge and Bombard

Machines & DevicesWheeled war-engine and a tall runged frame

Machines & DevicesBlank verso showing offset of the recto drawings

Machines & DevicesWheeled apparatus and an operated frame

Machines & DevicesBlank verso showing offset of the recto sketches

Weapons & FortificationSecret flooded conduit within a fortress ditch

ArchitectureBlank verso, revealed empty after restoration

Machines & DevicesMachines, a hoist, and a fluted column

Fables & ProseVerses on contentment with what nature wills

Machines & DevicesA geared instrument for digging land-ditches

Machines & DevicesNear-blank leaf with faint pencil traces

Weapons & FortificationPortable bridges to flee or pursue the enemy

Machines & DevicesNear-blank verso, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesThe 'sbaratrona' counterweight throwing engine

Lists & AccountsMilan Cathedral account entries, threaded cylinder and a nude

Arithmetic & ProportionColumn of calculations with small mechanical sketches

ArchitectureTrestle bridge on light poles, with an arc engine and gears

Physics & MechanicsCounterweight versus friction on a pulley, with a winged figure

Physics & MechanicsStudies of ropes, knots and timber joints under strain

Weapons & FortificationGun-mount mechanisms, a bombard on a stand, and a dragon

GeometryGeometry, a mirror problem, accounts, and an upright bombard

Sculpture & CastingTransporting a large casting mould to its pit

Blank verso, hidden before restoration

Weapons & FortificationCasting a bombard: five stages of the mould

Blank verso, hidden before restoration

Weapons & FortificationSeven cannon and falcon barrels with their dimensions

Blank verso of folio 62 (revealed at restoration)

Weapons & FortificationFive culverins of graded size with their dimensions

Blank verso of folio 63 (revealed at restoration)

HydraulicsHow water rises and flows under pressure: cisterns and canals

Blank verso of folio 64 (revealed at restoration)

GeometryMean proportionals, roots and the quadrature of circles

ArchitectureFountain, timed water basins and a foundry-earth recipe

Physics & MechanicsWeighing the force of a blow: percussion experiments

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesSpring-driven forge hammers

Machines & DevicesGeared trip-hammer mechanism

Weapons & FortificationSpiked Throwing Weapons, Caltrops and Armoured Horseshoes

Ornament & HeraldryHeraldic Shield with a Fleur-de-lis (Later Pencil Addition)

Machines & DevicesAutomatic Valve Pump and an Interlocking-Beam Arch

Machines & DevicesBlank Verso of Folio 69

HydraulicsRiver Fords, Flood Deposits, and a Membrane Vane

Weapons & FortificationBlank Verso of Folio 70

Weapons & FortificationCatapult engine, a spiked device, and a knot

ArchitectureBombards, a timber vault, columns, and polyhedra

Weapons & FortificationA wheeled gun-engine, cube-root line, and a horse

Weapons & FortificationFiring props to collapse a wall; cube-root scale

Weapons & FortificationA wheeled war-engine and the Pavian mill

Figure StudiesVerso of sheet 73: near-blank fragments

Machines & DevicesMachine for shaping and tempering points

Machines & DevicesWinch machine with lettered lead counterweight

Machines & DevicesSheet of devices: sound-maker, pincers and ox-less plough

Weapons & FortificationHow to aim a swivel-gun true with two sights

Weapons & FortificationThree studies of wheeled light cannon

Weapons & FortificationThree bombards on elevating wheeled carriages

Physics & MechanicsThe Law of the Balance: Beam, Arms and Counterweight

Machines & DevicesGear Trains, a Bombard Hoist, and Time Reckonings

Weapons & FortificationThe Science of the Crossbow: Force, Load and Range

Physics & MechanicsForce, Weight and Impetus in the Crossbow

Optics & LightThe Image of the Sun in a Spherical Mirror

Weapons & FortificationWhy the Bombard Recoils: Fire, Air and Ballistics

Machines & DevicesCatapult, needle-grinder sketches and a Latin siege epigram

Weapons & FortificationBombard barrel with ball and powder specifications

Arithmetic & ProportionContinuous proportion and the doubling of the cube

GeometryQuadrature of the triangle, proportion tables and perception

Physics & MechanicsThe science of percussion: hammer, anvil and the blow

Physics & MechanicsFriction and counterweight in balanced weights

Machines & DevicesHoisting apparatus and a Milanese account entry

Machines & DevicesA gear train to multiply motion, force and heat

HydraulicsWater-driven mills and the weight of falling water

Machines & DevicesStudies of machinery and a bombard carriage

Machines & DevicesA hoisting machine for the defence of walls

Optics & LightThe science of shadow: rays, angles and degrees of darkness

Machines & DevicesWater-lifting machine: the great wheel and vertical screw

Ornament & HeraldryFaint decorative sketches; site of a lost Sforza heraldic drawing

Machines & DevicesGrain mill, furnaces, and a concave burning mirror

Blank verso of folio 87 (revealed by restoration)

Physics & MechanicsCompound pulley-blocks and a crossbow-spanning device

Weapons & FortificationTransporting a bombard: windlass, cart and timber joints

Machines & DevicesAnti-scaling defence engine for a bastion

Machines & DevicesVerso: faint machine offset and later additions

ArchitectureMaking a strong composite beam and arching it

HydraulicsCanal dam with a sluice gate raised by a windlass

Weapons & FortificationCatapult on a wheel with a trigger release

ArchitectureComposite beams, trusses and arches from joined pieces

Machines & DevicesStudies of mechanisms: geared device, shaft and fittings

Blank leaf: no writing or drawings

Machines & DevicesLifting gear and knapsacks with iron frames

Blank leaf: no writing or drawings

Weapons & FortificationMachines for defending walls and handling bombards

Machines & DevicesHelical screw on a shaft, seen through the leaf

ArchitectureWindow with concealed hinges and iron fittings

ArchitectureIron corner detail of a demountable field pavilion

Machines & DevicesMechanical studies: spring versus counterweight, siphon and gears

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Machines & DevicesSheet of mechanical devices with weights, hinges and a wall-cladding note

ArchitectureFaint pen outline covering the page (invisible before restoration)

Personal NotesDraft letter to don Giovanni Corno, with an eye and disk study

Lists & AccountsColumns of household accounts in lire, soldi and denari

Machines & DevicesMechanical devices, a perspective study and a small reckoning

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometryPyramids in cylinders and cubes, with dies and a cutting template

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometryProportional figures, an instrument for refraction and a cutting tool

Machines & DevicesFaint Machine Forms Showing Through a Blank Verso

Machines & DevicesWinding Machine, Balanced Weights and Calculations

Machines & DevicesBlank Verso with a Small Show-Through Drawing

Machines & DevicesSilk-Doubling Machine and a Perspective Instrument

GeometryBlank Verso with Faint Circular Pen Lines

Optics & LightThe Science of Composite Shadow; Church Studies

GeometryGeometric Figures, the Horizon, and Architectural Sketches

Physics & MechanicsWeights on a Curve, a Windlass, and a Clamping Machine

Physics & MechanicsFalling Water, a Balance Machine, Saws, and Prophecies

Machines & DevicesA Machine for Tentering and Teaseling Cloth

Machines & DevicesA Goldbeating Machine with an Automatic Hammer

Machines & DevicesHoisting Wheels, a Mile-Gauge Gear, Sums, and Rain-Light

Physics & MechanicsBlank verso; recto drawings show through

Machines & DevicesMachine studies: a wooden plane, boring machine and gearwork

Machines & DevicesBlank verso; recto machine drawings show through

Physics & MechanicsBalances, weights and motion, with sums and expense notes

Machines & DevicesGear-trains and a bombard, with multiplication tables

Machines & DevicesA wheel-and-cord mechanism with a hanging weight

Figure StudiesFaint Sheet: Head, Frieze, Interlace Knots, and a Jotting

Machines & DevicesMechanical Studies: Wheel, Screw Press, and a Bolt Device

Physics & MechanicsNear-Blank Verso with a Few Pen Lines

Machines & DevicesMachines, Crossbows, and a Maxim on Happiness and Wisdom

Blank Verso of Sheets 112a and 112b

Weapons & FortificationFirearms, an Eight-Barrel Wheel-Gun, a Sling, and a Jack

Weapons & FortificationSiege engines: wall-catapults and a lance-bearing horse

Machines & DevicesTwo screw-lifting devices with numbered ratios

Machines & DevicesGear train for lifting: 12 wheels that raise 1000 pounds

Blank leaf (fortification plan showing through from the verso)

Weapons & FortificationBird's-eye plan of a fortified circuit with old walls and a ravelin

Weapons & FortificationHay-faced defensive walls to absorb artillery fire

Optics & LightBlank Leaf (No Writing or Drawings)

Weapons & FortificationFortress Design: Concealed Sally-Ports and Defenses

Blank Leaf (No Writing or Drawings)

HydraulicsEddies of Water and Air, and a Tangent-Angle Construction

Figure StudiesTwo Male Heads in Profile

GeometryMeasuring Distances by Sighting with the Eyes

ArchitectureChurch studies, cannon sketches, and a debt memorandum

Physics & MechanicsNotes on percussion and obliquity, with instrument sketches

Weapons & FortificationFortress towers and bastions, with a column of sums

Weapons & FortificationRavelins and crossing lines of artillery fire

Weapons & FortificationWhere to site a fortress, and defending its enclosures

GeometrySquaring circles and lunes; the motions of a twisted cord

GeometrySquaring the circle: dividing portions and 'quadrable' figures

ArchitectureGround plan of a building complex (red chalk and ink)

CartographySurveyed plan with compass bearings and distances

GeometryBird-flight notes and De ludo geometrico figures

GeometryColoured shadows, cord-weights, and De ludo geometrico

Machines & DevicesFaint erased sketches; sheet catalogued without writing

Weapons & FortificationDitch defences against enfilading artillery, with a red device

Machines & DevicesTwin water gate opened together by falling counterweights

HydraulicsCanal to Florence: gravel banks and an aqueduct bridge

CartographyThe Florence canal: route map and excavation costs

HydraulicsCanal-lock gates and safe mooring in the lock chamber

Machines & DevicesFaint mechanical sketches: scissor linkage, dividers and springs

Physics & MechanicsBlank side of a sheet, revealed by restoration

ArchitectureGround plan of a three-room building

ArchitectureBlank verso of the building-plan sheet

Weapons & FortificationRed-chalk perspective of a fortification detail

Weapons & FortificationRed-chalk sketch of a fortification (verso)

Optics & LightHow the size of a light governs a body's shadow

GeometryBlank Verso with Recto Text Showing Through

Weapons & FortificationFortress Design: The Castellan's Total Surveillance

Figure StudiesFaint Charcoal Sketches by Pupils (Verso)

Weapons & FortificationFortress Studies: Ravelins, Wells and Ricochet of Shot

Machines & DevicesPupils' Charcoal: A Spoked-Wheel Crank Device

Weapons & FortificationFortress Walls Against Heavier Artillery

ArchitectureBlank verso with faint show-through of architectural forms

GeometryGeometric square construction and a radial wheel mechanism

GeometryBlank verso with faint geometric show-through

Physics & MechanicsCompound lever press and the multiplication of force

GeometryBlank verso with faint show-through of a framed structure

HydraulicsThe 'universal cistern' water device, with a Latin verb exercise

Machines & DevicesBlank Verso (Invisible Before Restoration)

Machines & DevicesTriangular Hoist for Raising a Column

Machines & DevicesBlank Verso (Invisible Before Restoration)

Weapons & FortificationWall Device to Throw Off Enemy Scaling Ladders

Weapons & FortificationBlank Verso (Invisible Before Restoration)

Weapons & FortificationSpring Catapults and Their Loading Mechanisms

Physics & MechanicsBlank Verso of Sheet 140 (Recto Mechanisms Showing Through)

Weapons & FortificationThe sling: a giant stone-throwing engine

Physics & MechanicsBlank Verso of Sheet 141 (Recto Machine Showing Through)

Weapons & FortificationLoading Mechanism of a Bench Crossbow

Weapons & FortificationBlank Verso of Sheet 142 (Crossbow Showing Through)

Weapons & FortificationCrossbow Release Mechanism and Lock Components

Weapons & FortificationBlank Verso of Sheet 143 (Crossbow Parts Showing Through)

Weapons & FortificationThrowing weapons: darts, slings, and a wall sling-engine

Blank verso (recto shows through)

Weapons & FortificationStone-hurling engine with springing arms

Blank verso (recto shows through)

Machines & DevicesMechanical apparatus: pulleys, treadle and hand-crank

Blank verso (recto shows through)

Machines & DevicesBombard, winding gear and faint column studies

Weapons & FortificationGreat crossbow, carriage and hinged mechanisms

Machines & DevicesA spring lifting instrument, shown right and wrong

GeometryBlank verso of folio 148

Weapons & FortificationThe great crossbow, with bombard and torsion engines

GeometryBlank verso of folio 149

Weapons & FortificationStudies of spring-powered catapults

Blank verso of the catapult sheet (folio 150v)

Weapons & FortificationSpring engines and the release of the cords at point a

Blank verso of the spring-engine sheet (folio 151v)

Weapons & FortificationA great torsion sling-engine driven by worm screws

Blank verso of the sling-engine sheet (folio 152v)

Weapons & FortificationRapid-loading crossbow with lever, nut and locking key

Weapons & FortificationBlank verso of the crossbow sheet (folio 153)

Weapons & FortificationBombard without a stock, a wedge-lifting device and perspective solids

Figure StudiesBlank verso with a charcoal female nude (folio 154)

Weapons & FortificationCrossbow with running nut and a gate that opens on every side

Weapons & FortificationBlank verso of the crossbow sheet (folio 155)

Machines & DevicesScrew-cutting tools, a weighted wheel and lifting gear

Blank verso of folio 156

Weapons & FortificationOrgan guns: a 33-barrelled ribauldequin cart

Blank verso of folio 157

Machines & DevicesWheel-lock firing mechanism with three springs

Blank verso of folio 158

Machines & DevicesMachine studies: rollers and a counterweighted frame

Sheet 159, verso — blank after restoration

Weapons & FortificationTrebuchet wheel and rack-loaded 'cimitrilla' engines

Sheet 160, verso — blank after restoration

GeometryDoubling the cube: two cubes, one double the other

GeometrySimilar triangles and the proportion 1, 2, 4, 8

Machines & DevicesSketches of a geared wheel, a drum-and-cord device and small mechanisms

Blank verso of leaf 162

GeometryGeometric star figures and a short column of figures

Machines & DevicesRed-chalk studies of wheel-and-axle devices

Machines & DevicesA continuous balance, a clock and a band-drive lever

GeometryConstructing the triangle of a triangular balance

Machines & DevicesHoist and furnace apparatus pouring molten material

Machines & DevicesGeared wheel-and-drum mechanism with cords

Physics & MechanicsOn movers, impetus, and the parts' desire for their whole

Physics & MechanicsArrow shot from a rowed ship: motion doubled

Machines & DevicesFramed barrel of a spingarda with crank wheel

Blank support leaf where a Leonardo sheet was removed

Weapons & FortificationWheeled bombard carriage with a screw-lowered axle-beam

GeometryFaint geometric figures and looping lines (verso)

Machines & DevicesWinch-drums on stands and the loose bore for a turning weight

Blank leaf, devoid of writing or drawings (verso)

Machines & DevicesWeight-driven grain mill with a gear train and pendulum

Physics & MechanicsNear-blank leaf with a tiny animal sketch (verso)

Machines & DevicesDredging crane: a toothed scoop slung from a swinging boom

Blank verso (the recto's dredging machine shows through)

Machines & DevicesBoat-borne dredging machines built around spoked wheels

Blank verso (the recto's machines show through)

ArchitectureGround-floor house plan with garden stair, and structural sketches

Figure StudiesSmall sketch of a nude warrior with raised shield

Machines & DevicesToothed wheels, proportional circles and gear contact

Blank verso of folio 174 (recto show-through only)

Weapons & FortificationCrossbow lock, trigger and forked rest

Arithmetic & ProportionScattered numbers and multiplications

FlightWing-membrane studies and an articulated armature

Blank verso of folio 176 (recto show-through only)

Machines & DevicesMechanical studies with a multiplication (300 x 25)

Machines & DevicesGearing, hung weights and a press, with a multiplication

Machines & DevicesSpiked bundled devices, a folding lattice and a plummet

Personal NotesDraft of a letter to his father; spiked-device studies

Machines & DevicesRed-chalk mechanism with lettered parts and a scaled diagram

ArchitectureTwo-storey arcaded structure housing a machine

HydraulicsThe Motion and Foam of Sea Waves

ArchitectureThe Roman Harbour of Civitavecchia

Weapons & FortificationA Great Catapult

Weapons & FortificationVerso: No Original Text or Drawings

Weapons & FortificationTwo War Machines: Sling-Catapult and Crossbow Wheel

Weapons & FortificationVerso: No Original Text or Drawings

Physics & MechanicsThe power of percussion; the Naviglio Grande; a beam bridge

Physics & MechanicsCombinations of numbers and a treatise-plan on percussion

Arithmetic & ProportionA sheet of arithmetical calculations, with a small plan

ArchitectureA scheme for a canal city, with red-chalk plans

FlightHow a bird sets its wings to descend and steer

Physics & MechanicsHow a flat board falls through the air

FlightBird Flight: Tail-Rudders and the Centre of Gravity

FlightOblique Descent of Birds; the Childhood Kite Memory

Fables & ProseFables of the Moth, the Walnut, and the Trees; a Jest

Physics & MechanicsThe lifting-stone and the fable of the mouse, weasel and cat

Fables & ProseFables: the Willow and the Gourd; the Wine of Mahomet

Fables & ProseFables: the Cedar, the Snow, and the Deceiving Spider

Lists & AccountsWage Accounts for Benedetto and Ioditti; a Stone-Saw

GeometryOn the Nature of the Surface: Boundary of Body and Air

HydraulicsStudies of Falling Water Drops, Splashes and Motion

Ornament & HeraldryInterlaced Knot Designs and a Line on Hope

Arithmetic & ProportionRules for Compounding and Dividing Fractions

Arithmetic & ProportionFraction Arithmetic and Methods of Moving Earth

Arithmetic & ProportionThe Division of Fractions

Arithmetic & ProportionRules for Multiplying, Adding and Subtracting Fractions

Physics & MechanicsFriction of a Pivot and the Balancing Counterweight

Blank Leaf (Invisible Before Restoration)

Physics & MechanicsProof of the Counterweight Calculation for a Pivot's Friction

Physics & MechanicsComputing the Counterweight of a Pivot's Friction

Fables & ProseOn Time the Consumer, with Painters' Colour Notes

Painting & PerspectiveRecipes for perfumes, whites, and reviving oil colours

Physics & MechanicsThe sphere of air and how a bird hangs still on the wind

Lists & AccountsHousehold accounts and the death of ser Piero da Vinci, 1504

Physics & MechanicsWeights of the elements and the crest of a wave

Physics & MechanicsElement weights and a nature-printed leaf

Physics & MechanicsFriction of bodies equals a quarter of the weight

Physics & MechanicsWhich of Two Equal Beams Is Easier to Drag?

CartographyRadial Survey of Milan's Gates with Distances

CartographyPlan of Milan: Gates, Distances and the City's True Centre

Physics & MechanicsCentres of Gravity of Pyramids, Prisms and Cubes

GeometryProportion of Equal Squares Equals Their Heights

HydraulicsIndex for the Book on Water: Rivers, Currents and Floods

HydraulicsIndex to a treatise on the movements of water

Fables & ProseNarrative of a battle at the bridge, with pulley studies

Fables & ProseContinuation of the battle narrative: the fight at the bridge

Physics & MechanicsStudies of screws, levers, pulleys and foundations

Near-blank verso with a faint indeterminate drawing

GeometryDefinitions of the circle and quadrature of curved surfaces

Machines & DevicesBlank verso, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsThe spheres of fire and air: how hail and rain form

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometryDividing one circle into nine equal circles

Physics & MechanicsBlank verso, invisible before restoration

Fables & ProseFables of the trees, with aphorisms on time and the soul

Fables & ProseJests, Maxims, and Workshop Recipes (dated 23 April 1490)

GeometryThe Curvature of the Earth: How Far Two Men See the Horizon

Blank Leaf (folio 208 verso)

ArchitecturePlans for a Prince's Palace, with Fire-Safe Construction

Blank Leaf (folio 209 verso)

Physics & MechanicsStudies of the Balance: Weight, Friction, and Gravity

Physics & MechanicsConclusions on the Balance and the Descent of Weights

FlightFlight of Birds, River Eddies, and a Note of Ducats Received

FlightDescent and Soaring of Birds, the Echo, and Rivers Moving Gravel

GeometrySquaring the Semi-Annulus, with Dome and Vault Studies

GeometryThe Six Cases of Squaring Crescents and Lunes

GeometryPropositions on Equal Lunes, Crescents and Circles

ArchitecturePalace with a loggia, and a verse on the rule of health

Physics & MechanicsWeights of the elements, and a Book on the percussion of waters

Physics & MechanicsThe four elements weighed, with number tables and water chapters

FlightThe motion of wind and water, and painting a mountain-fall

Blank leaf (no writing or drawings)

Machines & DevicesA distillation furnace with a water-cooled alembic (still)

Machines & DevicesDistillation apparatus and a spherical glass vessel

Machines & DevicesA water-filled glass lamp, a house plan and a materials list

Physics & MechanicsInnate heat besieged by cold, with two riddles

HydraulicsHeat, moisture and the science of waters

HydraulicsRiver flow, waves and the wearing of banks

HydraulicsWater issuing under pressure from spouts

HydraulicsWater from a cistern: fall, weirs and orifices

Physics & MechanicsCounterweight for a lever's friction, with a dissection note

Physics & MechanicsFriction, counterweight and the elements of machines

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and equal-area curved figures

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsExperiment on the breaking strength of an iron wire

Physics & MechanicsBlank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunules and equivalent surfaces

GeometryBlank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometryQuadrature studies: lunules, biangles and a cross

GeometryBlank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometryTwenty-two quadrature figures, with memoranda and sums

GeometrySquaring the Circle: Lunes and Inscribed Figures

Optics & LightConcave Burning Mirrors and Foundry Notes

Ornament & HeraldryMetalworking Recipes and a Gold Knot Design

GeometryHighland Lakes from Landslides, and Surface Geometry

HydraulicsThe Origin of Seas and a Treatise on Waves

Physics & MechanicsBalancing Pyramids: Centers of Gravity on a Beam

GeometryTruncated pyramids and wedges: volumes and weights

Machines & DevicesRed-chalk study of a canopied wheeled structure

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes and a critique of Archimedes

Blank verso with show-through from folio 230r

GeometryDoubling the cube, circle constructions, and a weighted chain

GeometryBlank leaf: geometry showing through from the recto

Optics & LightHow the Eye Sees Things Placed Before It

GeometryBlank leaf with the eye diagram showing through

Optics & LightAngle of Incidence at a Spherical Mirror

GeometryBlank leaf with reflection lines showing through

Physics & MechanicsThe centre of a suspended body lies below its support

Physics & MechanicsRule of Transverse Supports: the Resistance of Beams

Physics & MechanicsBalancing composite arms of a balance against each other

Physics & MechanicsThe lever law: weight against distance from the fulcrum

GeometryProportion of circle-portions; tracery and vault designs

Near-blank verso with faint pencil traces

GeometrySquaring lunes and curvilinear triangles; calculations

GeometryLunes and circle-portions; the river Arve near Geneva

Machines & DevicesGearing note: a wheel and pinion of 24 and 6 teeth

Blank verso (offset from the recto)

Figure StudiesProfile head, circle-grid rosettes and a note on proportion

GeometryCircle and square: doubling, portions and proportion

Optics & LightConcave mirror from a circle-segment: equal angles

Optics & LightReflection geometry: incident line and reflected ray

GeometrySquaring the Circle by Rosette Portions

GeometryRosette and Circle Diagrams (No Text)

GeometryTwo Mean Proportionals and Cube Roots

GeometryMean Proportionals by Similar Triangles

GeometryCircle Sectors and Solid-Figure Studies

Personal NotesMemoranda: Cornelians, a Physician, an Ambassador

GeometryDoubling the cube and squaring lunes and circles

GeometryLune and circle quadrature, dated 7 July 1514 at the Belvedere

Optics & LightOn the common sense, the five senses and the nature of seeing

Blank leaf (no writing or drawings)

GeometryProportions of circle portions in nested and intersecting circles

Blank leaf (no writing or drawings)

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes, inscribed squares and circles

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometrySquaring lunes: converting curved surfaces into squares

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsWeight of suspended bodies; definitions of point, line, surface

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsArch thrust, a moving body and its mover, with sums

Blank verso, recovered by restoration

GeometryProportions of circles: portions, bisangles and squaring

GeometryProof that 84 portions less 12 equal 72

GeometrySquaring the circle with lunes, and a note on a craftsman

Physics & MechanicsHeavy bodies toward the earth's center, with circle figures

GeometryStudies in squaring lunes: crescents made rectilinear

GeometrySquaring of lunes continued, with a theorem on the square

Personal NotesDefense of his grant of water at Santo Cristoforo

Blank leaf (invisible before restoration)

ArchitectureFlat tube-ceiling, a beam hoist, and radial arch diagrams

Blank verso of two fragments (invisible before restoration)

HydraulicsCanal locks and the physics of falling water

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsWhere the science of weights is deceived by practice

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometryQuadrature of the circle: portions and lunes

GeometryQuadrature studies: lunes and proportional circles

GeometrySquaring curved figures: lunes and circles inscribed in squares

GeometrySquaring curved figures, continued, with a measuring-wheel note

GeometrySquaring the circle, an inheritance problem, and perspective studies

Personal NotesList of towns from Firenzuola to Bologna

GeometryWeights, plumb-lines, and squaring the circle

Blank verso of composite sheet 261 (fragments a-d bear no content)

GeometrySquaring circles, lunes and curved figures

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

HydraulicsThe Nile's source and the great rivers of Asia

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes, rosettes and curvilinear octagons

GeometryQuadrature studies and the plan of the Stable of the Magnifico

Lists & AccountsMerchant's ledger: debit and credit accounts (1444)

Fables & ProseThe Giant: a letter to Benedetto describing a monstrous being

GeometrySquaring curved figures: lunes, circles and transformed spirals

FlightFlight of birds: turning, bounding and circling in the air

Machines & DevicesMachine-part sketches with measurements in braccia

HydraulicsWater machines: float-valve cistern, bellows and mercury tube

GeometrySquaring the Circle: Lunes, Sectors and Perforated Circles

GeometryQuadrature of Lunes and Circles

Physics & MechanicsKinds of Motion, with a Winch and an Ornamental Candelabrum

GeometryVerso with a Small Hatched Triangle, Otherwise Blank

GeometryDividing Circles Between Parallel Lines

Verso of Three Fragments, Without Writing or Drawings

GeometryCircle-square proportions and construction of square roots

GeometryFaint circle studies with a compass construction (verso)

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and curvilinear surfaces

GeometryDe ludo geometrico: squaring curved surfaces

GeometryFinger motion and the squaring of curved triangles

Arithmetic & ProportionMostly blank verso with a later column of numbers

Physics & MechanicsWeights on rods hung by cords; centres of gravity

Physics & MechanicsBalances, cord bends, and pulleys multiplying weight

Arithmetic & ProportionProportion exercise: equalizing the ratio of 6 to 2

Physics & MechanicsThe three centres of a tapering rod (pyramid)

Physics & MechanicsA rod on two cords: shifting one cord toward the middle

Physics & MechanicsHow a cord's angle changes the load on it

Machines & DevicesBell mechanism: pivot braced against the tower walls

Blank verso (no writing)

Optics & LightPerspective: the air full of infinite radiant pyramids

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

Machines & DevicesSelf-regulating water measure with paired basins

Machines & DevicesVerso with a small device sketch

Physics & MechanicsThe center of the world in continual motion

GeometryBlank verso, devoid of writing and drawings

GeometryQuadrature of the circle: inscribed circles, lunes, and roots

GeometrySquaring circular portions: two small figures

Physics & MechanicsThe 'sophistical' overbalanced wheel

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometryStudies in the quadrature of the circle and lunes

Blank leaf (folio 283v)

GeometryStudies on squaring the circle: lunes and nested circles

Blank leaf (folio 284v)

GeometryDividing lines and circles into equal parts; squaring the circle

Blank leaf (folio 285v)

Physics & MechanicsStatics of supports and cords, with a pulley system

Blank fragment verso, invisible before restoration

HydraulicsWater falling onto a toothed wheel

Two blank fragment versos, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsBeam balanced by six counterweights

Physics & MechanicsBalances, counterweights and the compound lever

Physics & MechanicsWeight, pulleys and proportional motion (1 August 1499)

Physics & MechanicsEquilibrium of Balances and Systems of Pulleys

Physics & MechanicsThe Theory of Movers and Moved Bodies

Blank Verso of Folio 290 (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsBalances of Proportional Weights and Divided Beams

Blank Verso of Folio 291 (devoid of writing)

Physics & MechanicsA Balance Compared to a Bellows Crossbar

Physics & MechanicsNine cords supporting a beam: how force is shared

GeometrySquares equal to curved figures, and a recipe for false jasper

Machines & DevicesBlank verso with charcoal offset traces

GeometryQuadrature of the circle with bi-angles and inscribed polygons

GeometryStacked spheres, 'excess of excess', and a wheel mechanism

GeometryDividing a square into any number of equal squares

Blank leaf (invisible before restoration)

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes and circle-square proportions

Blank leaf (invisible before restoration)

GeometrySquaring circles by portions and curvilinear figures

GeometrySquaring the circle through the hexagon and proportionality

GeometryCircles worth half the greatest circle; a money reckoning

GeometrySquaring the circle: circles, squares and octagons

Physics & MechanicsOn Motion and Weight: air compressible, water not

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

GeometryThe greatest quadrilateral in a right triangle

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

HydraulicsA siphon to carry a river over the mountains

Lists & AccountsLedger Entries: Debit and Credit Columns (£1280)

HydraulicsOn the Destructive Power of Rivers in Flood

Blank Verso of Folio 302 (Invisible Before Restoration)

HydraulicsStudies of Falling Water in Tubes and Vessels

Physics & MechanicsThe Weight and Pressure of Water in Vessels

Machines & DevicesMechanical Instruments and Geometric Figures

Painting & PerspectiveClear oil for painting colours; recipe for artificial pearls

CartographySurvey map of the Pisa, Lucca and Livorno district

Blank verso: no writing or drawings

Physics & MechanicsForces between two weights and a stringless arch

Machines & DevicesThe double reverse screw, a balancing spring, and a crossbow

GeometrySquaring the circle: two tables of proportionality

GeometryThe Aliquot Parts of Six and the Circle of Bisangles

GeometryDividing the Circle by Six: Hexagons, Triangles and Squares

GeometryThe Table of Proportionality and the Squaring of Portions

ArchitectureCalculations with a Loggia Sketch and Ornamental Letters

Painting & PerspectiveWhy a Painted Face Seems to Follow the Viewer

Optics & LightThe Sun Reflected in the Waves of the Sea

AstronomyThe Earth as a Star: the Moon, Water and the Sun's Image

Machines & DevicesRaising a Tall Mast, a Screw for Descent, and the Body of the Earth

Physics & MechanicsPercussion, Resistance and the Powers of Ten

GeometrySquaring the Circle: Lunes and Equal Curved Figures

GeometryTwo Circle Diagrams on the Quadrature of the Circle

GeometryFlattening the Eighth Part of a Sphere into a Square

Physics & MechanicsCentre of gravity of a suspended weight and the balance

Machines & DevicesWall bracket with a pivoting arm and a hanging weight

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometrySquaring lunes and semicircles, with vault studies

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometrySquaring the circle, a pulley, and two building elevations

GeometrySquaring the Circle: Lunes and Circle-Portions

ArchitectureGround Plan of Octagonal Spaces

Blank Leaf (No Writing or Drawings)

GeometryBalances, Levers and the Oval Equal to a Circle

Physics & MechanicsOn Equal Powers and the Descent of Weights

GeometryGeometric Construction with Calculations and Memoranda

Physics & MechanicsStrength of beams: length, thickness and weight borne

Optics & LightThe science of light and shadow: primitive and derivative

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Fables & ProseThe fable of the fire that grew proud

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsBeam mechanics: how a smaller angle bears more weight

Physics & MechanicsWeights on a Beam Held by Two Cords

Fables & ProseExperience, Mistress of Masters: Proem and Fable of the Owl

Fables & ProseComparison of Patience to Clothing Against Cold

Physics & MechanicsForce, Weight, Motion and the Blow

Physics & MechanicsAngles of Cords and the Weights a Beam Bears

GeometryQuadrature of the Circle: Lunes, Squares and Diameters

GeometrySquaring the circle: sectors, chords, and Archimedes' rule

GeometryAxioms on quadrable and non-quadrable surfaces

GeometryThe hexagon and the sixfold division of the circle

Fables & ProseTwo jests and the fable of the flea and the dog

Personal NotesPrefaces on experience, the muscles, and the eye

Physics & MechanicsCords and pulleys: tangency and the centre of gravity of an arc

Physics & MechanicsBeam, potential lever, and divisibility to infinity

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and transformation of areas

GeometryThe diagonal divides its square into equal halves

Machines & DevicesPulley blocks: the cord must run perpendicular to the axle

Machines & DevicesBlock and tackle: trading weight for time and speed

Optics & LightMemoranda list and studies of rays entering the eye

Optics & LightHow the eye judges size; the moon's diameter and lustre

Physics & MechanicsThe Strength of Supports and the Scaling of Loads

Machines & DevicesFaint Pen Lines (Verso, Indeterminate)

Physics & MechanicsWhy Lightning Bends: Motion from Dense to Rare Air

Blank Verso (Restored, Without Writing or Drawing)

GeometrySolid Geometry of Pyramids, Cones and Cylinders

GeometryLettered Geometric Constructions (Verso)

GeometryCircular sectors, portions, and doubling a circle

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsA load on a slope and the common center of gravity

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsForces in pulleys and cords bearing a weight

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsThe theory of the balance: real and potential arms

Blank leaf, folio 338 verso

GeometryMeasuring an unknown distance with similar triangles

Blank leaf, folio 339 verso

Physics & MechanicsOn weight and motion: heavy bodies and the four elements

GeometryThe triangle as the most perfect figure; number tables

GeometryTriangle's inscribed and circumscribing circles, and the lune

GeometryCapacity of polygons and the surfaces of cylinder and sphere

Physics & MechanicsWater through apertures, falling weights, and images in crystal

Lists & AccountsHousehold expense account, with faint geometry and a horse's head

Physics & MechanicsLines of natural and accidental obliquity; descent and impetus

GeometryDefinitions on circles in double proportion and squaring the circle

GeometryParallelepipeds and the doubling of the cube

Blank verso with show-through of the recto

Physics & MechanicsWhy a bouncing ball rebounds at equal angles; the eye and mirrors

Optics & LightHow the eye turns images upside down through the pupil

Optics & LightThe eye, mirrors, and binocular double vision

Optics & LightThe pupil in sudden light; ball rebound; light through apertures

Optics & LightRadiation of light, sound, magnetism and smell through space

Lists & AccountsLedger debits for Iohanni Rottoro and Bassiano Bochono

Optics & LightHow contrast alters the apparent size of dark and bright bodies

Optics & LightTwo maxims: the bright seen from afar, the heavy part leads motion

HydraulicsExperiments on water pouring from vessels and apertures

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Optics & LightOn Light and on the Sea that Girds the Earth

Near-blank verso bearing only an old folio number

Physics & MechanicsStudies of the Balance: Natural and Accidental Figures

Physics & MechanicsGrid of Balance Diagrams with Weight and Distance Values

Physics & MechanicsCenter of Gravity of a Pyramid Suspended from a Balance

Physics & MechanicsWhich Support Bears More: the Strength of Balance Arms

GeometryBook of Equivalence: Squaring Circular Sectors and Portions

GeometryCircular Portions in Sixteen Sectors, and Their Squaring

GeometrySquaring the Circle and Circling the Square

GeometryEquating Circular Figures by Lending and Removing Areas

Physics & MechanicsWeights on Oblique Supports and Centres of Gravity

Figure StudiesPencil Profile of a Young Man (the "Salai" Type)

GeometryJoined circle sectors and a sphere resting on a sphere

GeometryQuadrature studies: doubling pyramids and equipartition of sectors

Physics & MechanicsBalances and weights, with prophecies and a note on flight

Personal NotesNote in another hand, dated Florence, 17 April 1503

GeometryCircles in quadruple proportion and curvilinear triangles

Blank verso, without writing or drawings

Physics & MechanicsMining a fortress angle; the earth's motion and the moon

Weapons & FortificationFortress plans, counter-mines, and a great bombard

GeometrySquaring a square with curved figures; ornament and a pulley

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

CartographySurveying: measuring mountain heights and leveling land

Lists & AccountsMercantile ledger: debit and credit accounts

Physics & MechanicsMotion, fire and flame, and the riddle of the infinite

Optics & LightImages in convex mirrors and their diminution with distance

GeometrySurfaces of the cylinder, a theatre curtain cord, and the oblique beam

Blank verso of folio 363, with show-through only

Personal NotesLetter to his family, July 1507, among lune quadratures

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and curvilinear surfaces

Painting & PerspectiveThe Five Terms of Perspective: Point, Line, Angle, Surface, Body

Optics & LightLight and the Diminution of Objects with Distance

Ornament & HeraldryThree Ornate Sword-Hilt Designs

Optics & LightDiagrams of Light Rays and the Boundary of the Luminous

Physics & MechanicsStudies of the Balance and the Centres of Weights

Physics & MechanicsThe Balance: Choosing the Site of Weights by Proportion

GeometrySquaring of lunes: proofs on crescent-shaped figures

GeometrySquaring of lunes, continued: lending triangles

Machines & DevicesPulley systems and a household expense account

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Weapons & FortificationMining fortress walls: undermining and sap tunnels

Figure StudiesFaint female nude on red-tinted paper

Optics & LightSolar rays through apertures, with sums and accounts

Optics & LightSolar light through square, cross and round apertures

Physics & MechanicsBlow and force: the motions of a weight and the crossbow

Optics & LightHow every body fills the air with its image; camera obscura

GeometryTurning curved surfaces into straight; arcs, chords, sagittae

Blank verso with red stains (folio 373)

GeometryGeometric construction with columns of calculation

ArchitectureStudies of the classical orders: architrave, arch and pedestal

Machines & DevicesMachine to raise water by a bucket-wheel and lever

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Arithmetic & ProportionThe arithmetic of growing, shrinking and equal proportions

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsStudies of the balance: centres of gravity and arm ratios

Physics & MechanicsThe balance with unequal arms: counterweights and their proportions

Physics & MechanicsWeights on inclined planes: resistance, friction and the fulcrum

Blank verso of folio 378, without writings or drawings

Physics & MechanicsRods loaded with numbered weights: balance studies

Physics & MechanicsA rod hung by two cords: how its weight is shared

Optics & LightThe air full of images: mirrors reflecting light to infinity

Optics & LightOn the Eye: Vision by Straight Rays, and the Air Full of Images

GeometrySquaring the Lune: Transformations of Curvilinear Figures

GeometryCurvilinear Geometry: Sectors, Lunes and the Limits of Squaring

Physics & MechanicsReinforced Withy Bundles, and Draining the Piombino Marsh

FlightFaint Verso Sketches, Perhaps for a Mechanical Wing

Painting & PerspectiveGesture in Painting, a Pellet Crossbow and Mechanisms

Physics & MechanicsMechanical and hydraulic studies on a faint sheet

HydraulicsSluice-gate construction with quadrature-of-the-circle notes

GeometryNear-blank verso showing the recto through the sheet

Physics & MechanicsWindlass and cord mechanics with quadrature of lunes

GeometryTransmuting triangles and squaring lunes, with cord statics

Arithmetic & ProportionGeometric versus arithmetic change of a proportion

Physics & MechanicsForces in a cord wound on a rod, and pulley blocks

Painting & PerspectiveNature, not art: the decline and revival of painting

Optics & LightReflection in a plane mirror and how two people see each other's eyes

HydraulicsRaising the irrigation from Lake Brivio: a canal scheme

Civil EngineeringSurveying the Brivio canal to the Travaglia mill

GeometryFirst treatise: triangles in semicircles and the quadrature of lunes

GeometryQuadrature of Lunes and Circular Sectors

Physics & MechanicsWeights on a Beam Suspended by Two Cords

Physics & MechanicsBalance of Two Poles; Weights, Cords and Cord-Strength

Optics & LightPrimitive and Derived Shadow; a Sun-Moon-Eye Diagram

Optics & LightThe Science of Shadows: Derived Shadow and Foreshortening

Optics & LightConvergence of Light and Shadow: the 5/8 Penumbra

Optics & LightThe Science of Light and Shadow on Spherical Bodies

Physics & MechanicsBreaking Cords, Pulleys and a Balance; a Map and the Prophecies

Fables & ProseLetter to the Diodario: The Figure of Mount Taurus

GeometryQuadrature of Lunes and Curved Figures

GeometrySquaring the Lunules; a Night Water-Clock

GeometryTwo Mean Proportionals and the Cube Root

GeometryPyramids and cubes: proportion, weight and the doubling of the cube

GeometryTriangular prisms and pyramids: weight proportional to the axis

Physics & MechanicsCenter of gravity of solid bodies

Physics & MechanicsThe science of the balance: weights, arms and pivots

Physics & MechanicsBalance schemes and canopied frames

HydraulicsThe falling water-vein and the descent of dropped bodies

HydraulicsWater Raised by Counterweights and the Fall of Water

Machines & DevicesStudies of Pulleys, Gears and Springs

Physics & MechanicsThe Physics of Percussion and the Generation of Sound

Physics & MechanicsMotion, Ballistics against Walls, and a Surveying Square

GeometryEuclid's Staff and the Impact of a Ball on Fresh Earth

HydraulicsA Canal Lock, Pyramid Sections, and Notes on Shadows

GeometryNumeric tables and a radiating geometric construction

Physics & MechanicsPulleys, levers, and beams suspended by cords

Physics & MechanicsWeighing a beam held by a slanting cord

Physics & MechanicsThe nature of weights: simple rods and beams

Physics & MechanicsSuspended rods: squaring the simple rod for its load

Optics & LightThe nature of light on opaque and transparent bodies

HydraulicsDiverting the Arno: floods, channels and the Bisarno cut

Physics & MechanicsHow suspended beams and cords share their loads

Blank verso, without writing or drawing

Fables & ProseA facetia: two friars, a merchant, and a river crossing

Blank verso, without writing or drawing

Physics & MechanicsAccelerated fall and the force of falling water

Physics & MechanicsExperiments on Falling Bodies; Measuring the Sun

Machines & DevicesTwin Tipping Cases for a Hoisting Machine

Machines & DevicesLarge Upright Frame Driven by Twin Screws

GeometryGeometry of Superimposed Circles and Sectors

Blank Leaf, No Text or Drawings

Physics & MechanicsThe Strength of Beams and Supports

Physics & MechanicsStrength of a beam and the balance of suspended rods

GeometryDividing lunes and squaring curved figures

GeometryFaint verso, only partly visible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsPulleys, cords and balances: how weight multiplies through tackle

AstronomyThe common centre of the elements and the centre of gravity

Physics & MechanicsArchimedes, On Floating Bodies, Book II (Latin copy)

Physics & MechanicsA cone-segment floating in a fluid (Latin proof)

ArchitectureBuilding plan and an arcaded elevation (two fragments)

Blank verso of folio 414

Physics & MechanicsBroken lever versus continuous lever; the force of falling water

Blank verso of folio 415

Physics & MechanicsPropositions on the balance and its weights

Physics & MechanicsStatics of the balance: weight, equilibrium and oblique descent

Physics & Mechanics'Experience never errs': friction at a weighing pivot

Physics & MechanicsPivot friction of a crane worked out in fractions

Fables & ProseA doubt on Noah's Flood, and a description of the Deluge

Blank versos of fragments 418a and 418b

GeometryGeometric equivalences and ornamental circle studies

GeometryCurved-figure geometry: biangles, sectors and the hexagon

Optics & LightWhere light falls: diagrams of illumination

Optics & LightBlank verso, devoid of writing and drawings

Machines & DevicesMachine studies with painting notes and a proud aside

Physics & MechanicsMechanics of wheels: friction, axles and gear teeth

GeometrySquaring curved figures: lunes, rings and circle proportions

GeometryMore squaring of lunes, with a sluice-gate and a maxim

GeometryLunes, Sectors and the Squaring of Curved Surfaces

GeometryDividing a Circular Portion into Equal, Similar Parts

GeometrySquaring Lunes by Transposing Surfaces

GeometryLunes, Wedges and the Circle on the Hypotenuse

GeometryTransmutation of Straight-Sided into Curved Surfaces

Machines & DevicesNotes on a Proportional Compass, with a Tool List

ArchitecturePlans of a house with land measurement and calculations

ArchitecturePlans and notes for a gentleman's house

Machines & DevicesProportional division of a line in a mechanical figure

Physics & MechanicsWeights on cords over pulleys, in proportion

GeometryDoubling the cube, with cube-roots and a stamping press

GeometryDoubling the cube: diagonal sections and mean proportionals

GeometrySquaring the Lunes; Flame, Air, and a Note on the Medici

GeometrySquaring Circles and Lunes by Superposition

Painting & PerspectiveProportion of the Human Figure and Aerial Perspective

Blank Leaf (folio 430 verso)

Physics & MechanicsBeam Suspended by Four Cords: Centre of Gravity

Blank Leaf (folio 431 verso)

FlightQuadrature of Lunules and the Flight of Birds

GeometryA Catalogue of Quadrable Curved Figures

GeologyHow Rivers Build and Destroy Mountains

Blank Verso of Folio 433 (illegible before restoration)

FlightThe Bird as a Mathematical Instrument

Physics & MechanicsOn Impetus and the Three Natures of Motion

Machines & DevicesCloth-napping machines, springs and gears

Machines & DevicesGreat toothed wheel and cloth-winding machine

Physics & MechanicsThe three phenomena: wind, rain and hail

Blank sheet, invisible before restoration (verso)

GeometryConception: the circumscribed is smaller than the circumscribing

Blank sheet, invisible before restoration (verso)

Physics & MechanicsThe balance: friction at the fulcrum and the limits of weighing

Physics & MechanicsWeights in the balance: friction and the impossibility of measure

GeometryTransmuting curved surfaces into rectilinear ones (lunes)

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometryLunes squared by proportion, and the percussion of balls

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometryGeometry of lunes and surfaces, with a note on safe falling

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometrySquaring the circle: kinds of curved surface, lunes and triangles

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometryProportions of squares, triangles and lunes

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

Physics & MechanicsMoving Earth and Heavy Loads: Levers, Carts, Oblique Motion

Blank Verso (No Writing or Drawings)

GeometryLunes, Circles and Squares: Geometry of Equal Areas

GeometryStruck-Out Circle-and-Semicircle Note

Physics & MechanicsBalance and Suspended Pyramids: Finding the Centre of Weight

Blank Verso (No Writing or Drawings)

GeometrySquaring the circle: circles, bi-angles and curvilinear triangles

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometryQuadrature studies: transforming curved and straight surfaces

GeometryBi-angular surfaces and the curvi-hollow square

Physics & MechanicsWeights of movers: balance beams and falling bodies

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometryCircle-segment geometry, the tides, and maxims on motion

Blank verso (no writing or drawing)

GeometryTable of squares, lunes, and figures equated by curvature

Blank verso (no writing or drawing)

GeometrySquaring circular segments by adding and removing triangles

Blank verso (no writing or drawing)

GeometryProportion of Circles and Squares from Their Diameters

Blank Verso of Folio 453 (Invisible Before Restoration)

GeometryDoubled Circles and a Bird Steering in the Wind

Blank Verso of Folio 454 (Invisible Before Restoration)

GeometrySquaring Curvilinear Figures into Equal Rectilinear Areas

Blank Verso of Folio 455 (Invisible Before Restoration)

GeometryLunes and circles: similar figures and division of the arc

Fables & ProseLatin epigram on Leonardo's portrait of Lucretia

HydraulicsRivers pouring into the sea: winds, currents and sandbars

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and circles: equal-area figures

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometryGeometric Figures Composed from Portions of Circles

Ornament & HeraldryInterlaced Knot Designs and Circle-Portion Figures

GeometrySquaring the Circle: Lunes, Squares and Circle-Portions

Physics & MechanicsImpetus in Fluids: Why a Fish Outswims a Bird

Physics & MechanicsWinds and Projectile Motion: The Path of an Arrow

FlightThe North and South Winds: Their Nature and Effects

GeometryEuclid's five postulates and eleven common notions

GeometryRight angles, part and whole, and a lettered triangle

GeometrySquaring the circle: sectors, lunes and inscribed squares

GeometryQuadrature studies and a note on Leonardo's treatise

GeometryThe Lune of Hippocrates and circle-doubling

GeometryBlank verso with show-through of the recto

HydraulicsExperiment on the Descent of Grain Through a Vessel's Hole

Blank verso of the strip, without writing or drawing

GeometryGeometry of Circles, Squares, and Circular Rings

Blank verso, without writing or drawing

GeometryCube with an inscribed pyramid, and roots multiplied

Blank verso, without writing or drawing

GeologyHow Water Moves Through the Veins of the Earth

Blank verso, no writing or drawing

GeometryTransmuting circle portions; the equilateral triangle

Arithmetic & ProportionThe aliquot part of numbers; circles divided into portions

HydraulicsMotion of waves and currents; the angle of contingency

Blank fragments, no writing or drawing

GeometrySquaring the lunes; measurements of San Paolo, Rome

GeometryQuadrature of the Circle: Lunes and Squarable Figures

Personal NotesDraft Letter to the Vicar on Judicial Cases

Machines & DevicesElements, Underground Water, and a Lifting Machine

Physics & MechanicsLevers, Motion, and Bodies Floating in Water

GeometryGeometric Doodles, Knots, and a Latin Scrawl

Physics & MechanicsSimple and Composite Motion; Impetus as a Wave

Physics & MechanicsRolling ball: motion on the ground versus through air

GeometryQuadrature of the circle: turning 36 biangles into 42

GeometryTransmuting 36 biangles into 42 by a geometric method

GeometryLunes and biangles: quadrature figures, with a French address

GeometryThe game of geometry: circle transformations and sphere optics

Optics & LightBinocular vision of a sphere, with balls hung by cords

Fables & ProseTwo fables: the vain razor and the restless stone

Physics & MechanicsLoad shared among the cords suspending a horizontal rod

Physics & MechanicsLoaded rods and the double rod balanced by cords

Physics & MechanicsOar in water, wing in air: the equivalence of motion

Physics & MechanicsOar and wing faster, slower, or equal to the water and air

Physics & MechanicsMotion and impetus, the bow's force, and a bridge of boats

Physics & MechanicsBombard flame, cracked towers, and painting at a distance

Physics & MechanicsThe law of the balance: arms, weights, and friction

GeometryDefinitions of the sphere after Euclid and Theodosius

GeometryQuadrature of lunes: circles, squares, and hexagons

GeometryQuadrature series of lunes and circular portions

Optics & LightSimple and compound shadows from two lights

GeometryA sequence of thirteen numbered geometric figures

Weapons & FortificationWar machine 'Fanemollo' with ornamental staff-heads

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

Ornament & HeraldrySheet of interlace knots, two heads and geometric studies

GeometryCones from cylinders and the ballistics of bombards

GeometryDividing a circle and its double: lunes and inscribed square

GeometryBlank verso with faint show-through (before restoration)

GeometryPolygons in circles, spiral, and area equivalences

GeometryBlank verso with show-through of circles and spiral

GeometryThe squaring of lunes and circular figures

GeometryBlank verso with show-through of lune figures

GeometrySquaring lunes: rectangles, sectors and semicircles

Optics & LightFaded studies of luminous rays, arcs and small devices

Optics & LightHow air receives bodies' images in light and shadow

Optics & LightEvery body fills the air with its likeness, as mirrors do

AstronomyWhy the sun's rays cannot fully illuminate the earth

Lists & AccountsDebt memo, Arno place-names and arithmetic jottings

Sculpture & CastingCost estimate for the Trivulzio equestrian monument

Machines & DevicesBlank verso, invisible before restoration

FlightHow air condenses and sustains a bird in flight

FlightWinds descending mountains: waves, eddies and whirlwinds

Arithmetic & ProportionNumber calculations, polygons and a sublimation recipe

Physics & MechanicsScaling problem, balances and a boat with a paddle-wheel

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and an instrument for reflected light

GeometryGeometry of lunes: proportional division of circles

GeometryStudies of lunes and semicircular portions

GeometryLunes, triangles and circle-to-square proportion

GeometryOn the definition of surface

Blank leaf (no writing or drawing)

GeometryQuadrature of lunes with a note on the sea's tides

GeometryQuadrature of lunes: area equivalences of circles and squares

GeometryAxioms on parts reunited to remake their whole

Blank verso (no writing or drawing)

Personal NotesComplaints against the German mirror-makers at the Belvedere

Blank verso (no writing or drawing)

GeometryAreas of circles as squares of diameters, and lantern studies

Blank verso with faint show-through from the recto

GeometryCurvilinear figures of equal area drawn from a circle

GeometryCurved pyramids and the rolling of circles

GeometryRectangles of equal area, Euclid, and surd roots

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

GeometrySquaring the circle through sectors and lunes

GeometryBlank restored verso with offset traces of geometry

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes, portions and the inscribed square

Painting & PerspectiveThe painter's life, colour contrast and a coupled-column design

GeometryGeometry and arithmetic exercises with wave studies

GeometryBlank restored verso with offset from recto studies

Physics & MechanicsWeight of a bar suspended by two cords

Weapons & FortificationFaint notes on bombards and building, untranscribed

HydraulicsThe winding of rivers and their straightening into canals

GeologyWater dismantles mountains and fills the valleys

Physics & MechanicsBalances of real and potential arms, with pulleys

Machines & DevicesNear-blank verso of a pile-driver sheet

GeometryAngle of contingence to a circle; the eye and inverted vision

Civil EngineeringTwo mounted paper fragments, restored blank areas

Physics & MechanicsEquilibrium of a triangular figure divided about its axis

Physics & MechanicsBalancing a composite rod against a simple rod

GeometryAngle of incidence in a concave mirror and compass constructions

GeometryDividing lines and circles with a single compass opening

Optics & LightShadow of a sphere under star-shaped light, with quadrature figures

GeometryShadows cast by a sphere, and the squaring of the lune

Physics & MechanicsLevers and cords raising beams; reflex motion and balances

Physics & MechanicsBeams, pulleys and gear-trains: force, arm and velocity

Physics & MechanicsDefinition of the line of direction

Physics & MechanicsThe science of weights: gravity, levity and the spheric body

Optics & LightOptics glossary: rays, mirrors, reflection and refraction

GeometryGeometry glossary: points, lines, angles, triangles, figures

Civil EngineeringOrganizing diggers to excavate a mile of ditch

Civil EngineeringDigging a ditch: pyramidal gangs and an excavator

GeometrySolid geometry: cube, sphere, cone and polyhedra

GeometryCircles, tangency and the quadrature of lunes

Optics & LightThe science of light and shadow through apertures

Optics & LightVision, mirrors and the anatomy of the eye

Machines & DevicesMachine sketches with a 'body born of perspective'

Machines & DevicesMostly blank verso with a single mechanism sketch

CartographyThe earth clothed and stripped of its provinces

Personal NotesFaint verso with a name inscription and a figure marked h

GeometryCompass rosettes and lunes, with a record of the king's salary

GeometrySquaring curvilinear figures: lunes, rosettes and a hexagon

GeometrySquaring Lunes and Sectors; Proportion of Triangles

GeometrySquaring Lunes and Rings; Circular Sectors

Physics & MechanicsTriangular Balances and Weight Calculations

Physics & MechanicsThe Triangular Balance: Finding Its Centre

Physics & MechanicsThe Science of Friction and the Cart Wheel

Physics & MechanicsLever and Counter-Lever: Definitions and Right Angles

GeometryPyramids cut by parallel planes; triangle centres of gravity

GeometryCentres of gravity, a waterfall, hexagons and proportions

Optics & LightWhy one light casts two shadows behind one body

Optics & LightLight and shadow: derivative shadows, the eye, and colour edges

GeometryQuadrature of lunes and proportions of circles

GeometryQuadrature of lunes; circles in double proportion

GeometryWidening the Base of a Truncated Pyramid

GeometryTables and Cylinders: Transforming Solids of Equal Volume

GeometryQuadrature of the Lune

GeometryLunes, Triangles and Pyramids Compared

Physics & MechanicsThe Friction of a Counterweight on a Balance

GeometryMensuration of a Circular Ring

Physics & MechanicsFriction of Polished Bodies in Straight, Oblique and Curved Motion

Physics & MechanicsFriction on Horizontal and Inclined Planes

GeometryLettered Solids and the Geometry of Vision

Painting & PerspectiveGeometry of Vision: Visual Triangles on a Surface

Optics & LightDerivative Shadows and Measuring the Earth's Radius

Painting & PerspectiveOn Painting: Infinite Gradations of Light and Shade

ArchitectureStudies of arched and triangular trusses for wide spans

Blank verso of the truss-studies leaf

Physics & MechanicsThe whole in every part: circles of sound and light

Blank verso of the sound-and-light leaf

ArchitectureVaulted trusses, with notes on hot water and capillary rise

GeometrySquaring lunes and circles, with a note on wind vortices

GeometryEarth's Gravity and the Quadrature of Divided Circles

GeometryQuadrature of Circles: Doubling Circles and Squares

Physics & MechanicsHammer-Driven Wedges and the Force of Percussion

Physics & MechanicsFriction and the Dragging of Weights by Inclined Cords

GeometrySquaring Curvilinear Triangles, Lunes and Circle Portions

GeometrySquaring the Lune of the Hexagon and Crescents

GeometryTriangle proposition, square roots and household grocery accounts

GeometryQuadrature of lunes, cylinder geometry and a bitter letter to a brother

Physics & MechanicsStudies on the balance, power, motion and impetus

Blank verso (formerly folio 202 r.b.)

Optics & LightProem on the primacy of perspective and the nature of light

Physics & MechanicsOn the kinds of motion: temporal, mental, of species and of sound

GeometrySquaring a rectangle: the gnomon and Euclid's Elements

GeometrySquaring a quadrilateral by equal removals from the diagonal

Optics & LightThe centre of light: shadows, the moon, and vision

Physics & MechanicsWeight, and the swiftness of the eye, sun-ray, and mind

Optics & LightHow the eye sees: the crystalline humour and binocular vision

Painting & PerspectiveModes of perspective: projecting a figure into a room corner

Physics & MechanicsWeighted wheels and toothed gears for perpetual motion

ArchitectureDomed churches, columns, and a theorem on a divided line

Machines & DevicesSix wheels mounted on a single pole

Physics & MechanicsWeighted wheel and a rosette of overlapping circles

HydraulicsWater raised by counterweights and finding its level

Machines & DevicesAdjustable counterweight and a maxim on economical design

GeometryLunule construction and curvilinear surfaces

GeometryAn orbicular pyramid equal to a rectilinear figure

Optics & LightLight and shadow on spheres, with sphere geometry and a comet

GeometrySquaring the sphere's surface and branch ramifications

GeometryResolution of geometric fractions and a water wheel

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

Machines & DevicesGearing, screws, water-wheels; dividing a line into parts

Blank verso (offset show-through from the recto)

AstronomyAspects of the moon and reflections of the sun on water

AstronomyLight and shadow between sun, moon and earth

AstronomyRat breeding, sun-moon-earth eclipses, and hand muscles

Optics & LightReflections of the sun on waves and the angle of vision

HydraulicsPower of Water Falling on Mill-Wheels at Various Obliquities

Blank Verso — No Writing or Drawings

Machines & DevicesThe 'Wheel of Increase' and Faint Geometric Constructions

Machines & DevicesAn Over-Balancing 'Perpetual-Motion' Wheel of Weighted Boxes

Physics & MechanicsStudies on Friction: Its Laws, Kinds, and Counterweights

Blank Verso — No Writing or Drawings

Lists & AccountsLeonardo's List of Books in His Library

Physics & MechanicsMotion of a Heavy Sphere on an Inclined Plane

Civil EngineeringExcavating a great ditch: the labour and arithmetic of moving earth

Civil EngineeringCalculating the Labour of Digging a Ditch

Physics & MechanicsWhy Thinner Axles and Larger Wheels Turn More Easily

Blank Leaf, Without Writing or Drawing

Physics & MechanicsRods Bending Under Weights, and the Circle Defined

Arithmetic & ProportionGraduated triangle with columns of calculations

ArchitectureBridge over the river Dora and the canal of Ivrea

Blank verso of the Ivrea bridge sheet

Ornament & HeraldryOrnamental vases, perspective studies, a word list and sums

FlightOn winds, clouds and the origin of lightning

ArchitectureArchitectural studies: cornice, column and vaults

Physics & MechanicsBombard powder, the line of motion, and loaded arcs

Physics & MechanicsThe nature and power of the pulley; air, lightning and thunder

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Civil EngineeringTwo ways to dig a ditch: a labour-and-earth calculation

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

HydraulicsA red-chalk mechanism, a falling water-vein, and jottings

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Language & LatinGrammar study: parts of speech and verbs of motion

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesWheel-diameter calculation and a recipe for making indigo

Two blank fragments, invisible before restoration

FlightBird flight and fish swimming: turning, balance and impetus

FlightThe Soaring Bird: Wind, Wings and the Steering Tail

Physics & MechanicsBalances and Weight-Calculations, with a Cloth Memo

Blank Versos of Two Fragments (Restored Sheet)

CartographyTopography of Lake Como and the Alpine Valleys

Fables & ProseThe Catastrophe Letter, with Notes on Bormio and Valsassina

Machines & DevicesA Float-and-Weight Lifting Device that Works Underwater

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Figure StudiesReclining nude and faint marginal notes

GeometryTransforming a cube; centres of gravity and lever devices

HydraulicsRiver flow in narrow channels; the strength of columns

HydraulicsMediterranean currents, waterfalls, weights and a crossbow

Optics & LightHow the eye sees spheres and plane surfaces

Machines & DevicesBolted frame with a note on bolt-heads and a multiplication

Optics & LightCone-and-circle figures lettered d b a and m p o n

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesSheet of mechanisms with an inverted line on Rome

Blank verso, invisible before restoration

Physics & MechanicsOn the speed of ropes in pulley tackle

Machines & DevicesSpring mechanisms, a wheel-lock striker and river pile-work

Arithmetic & ProportionSheet of calculations with faint sketches

Arithmetic & ProportionFaint verso with a word fragment and figures

ArchitectureGround plan of a palace quarter served by canals

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

ArchitectureRiver-and-city studies: clean water, portal and plans

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

GeometryQuadrature of the circle by sectors and octagon

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Arithmetic & ProportionThe wine-and-water problem and infinite divisibility

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Machines & DevicesStudies for a wheel-driven bowed string instrument

Blank Leaf: No Writing or Drawing

GeometryConstructing a Curve with Movable Templates

Figure StudiesFaint Charcoal Figure of a Man (Verso)

GeometryDoubling the Cube: Cube Roots and Proportional Means

Blank Leaf: No Writing or Drawing (Verso)

Physics & MechanicsBalances and Weights About the Center of the World

HydraulicsImpetus, the wavering balance, and the motion of water

GeometryThe quadrature of lunes and circular sectors

GeometrySquaring figures bounded by a single curved side

FlightThe soaring bird rising in a spiral on the wind

FlightA bird's gliding descent without wind or wing-beat

ArchitectureArchitectural plans and elevations of a house

ArchitecturePalace floor plans and lettered circulation routes

GeometryTransforming triangles and dividing lines by proportion

GeometryTriangles, circles and the rule of three for irrational lines

GeometrySquaring curvilinear figures with lunes

Blank leaf (verso, invisible before restoration)

Machines & DevicesMechanical devices: adjustable hanging lamp and frames

Machines & DevicesFragment catalogued blank; faint mechanical traces show through

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes, circles and squares

GeometryVerso catalogued blank; geometry shows through from the recto

Painting & PerspectivePrecepts on apparent size, colour and sound judgement

Painting & PerspectiveVerso catalogued blank; the recto's writing shows through

GeometrySpiral in a star polygon, a vortex study and a mechanism

GeometryTwo restored paper fragments recorded as blank

Optics & LightThe eye: refraction and inversion of images in vision

Optics & LightThe eye: intersection of visual rays and inverted images

Arithmetic & ProportionDefinitions of double and subdouble ratio

Optics & LightFigure of the eye: contrary apparent motion of images

GeometryMotion through acute and right angles

Physics & MechanicsGraduated Arm and Pulley Weight Tracing Concentric Arcs

GeometryCrowded Sheet of Studies: Vaults, Ships, Circles and Star Figures

Blank Verso of Folio 602 (Show-through Only)

Physics & MechanicsBalance Arms, Friction and Counterweights

Blank Verso of Folio 603 (Show-through Only)

Weapons & FortificationBattered Fortress Wall with Round Bastion in Perspective

Blank verso of folio 604 (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsPropositions on bodies floating and sinking in water

Lists & AccountsColumn of sums in soldi

Physics & MechanicsPropositions on gravity, descent and the density of bodies

Blank verso of folio 606 (invisible before restoration)

GeometryCompressing a cylinder: how its base widens as its height falls

GeometrySquaring the cylinder: transforming solids into equal squares

Physics & MechanicsMotors that gain or lose power, and pulley tackle

CartographyRoad distances from Milan to Pavia and Lodi

ArchitectureThe armature of arches, and the weight of turbid water

Blank verso (show-through of the arch studies)

ArchitecturePerspective study of a vaulted structure, with arch sketches

Blank verso (show-through of the recto sketches)

Personal NotesMemoranda for Milan, with geometric figures after Apollonius

Blank verso of folio 611 (revealed by restoration)

Painting & PerspectiveRules of perspective and motion; the magnet and beam flexure

Blank verso of folio 612 (revealed by restoration)

Painting & PerspectiveRadial line construction within a circle

Blank verso of folio 613 (revealed by restoration)

GeometryGeometric division of a circle into sectors and segments

Blank verso with faint offset of the recto's geometry

GeometryHow many equal segments fit into a sixth of the circle

GeometryThe sixfold division of the circle proved by its bisangles

GeometryMaking a curved figure equal to a straight-sided one

GeometryCurve equal to straight, with maxims on knowledge

Physics & MechanicsBalance-arm mechanics, an axle-pin recipe, and a lune figure

Blank verso of the two sheet fragments

HydraulicsScouring river beds and fording rivers with wineskin saddle-pads

Physics & MechanicsMechanics of mover, moved body and instrument, with a 1500 dated note

Ornament & HeraldryFaint pencil sketches: vessels, a perspective study, an interlace panel

ArchitectureFaint sketches: a round colonnade, perspective frames, interlace

Physics & MechanicsPhysics of Flame in the Bombard and the Rocket

Physics & MechanicsReaction Propulsion of the Rocket and the Galley Trumpet

GeometryDividing and Equalising Circles

GeometryQuadrature Studies: Circles, Lunes and Portions

Physics & MechanicsWeight of a Rod's End Raised to Various Heights

Physics & MechanicsRods and Cords: Weight at Every Position

GeometryHexagons, Triangles, and Portions of the Circle

Arithmetic & ProportionDivision of Quantities into Equal Parts

Optics & LightSimple and Compound Shadows from Three Lights

Physics & MechanicsThe Crossbow-Maker's Fallacious Water-Wheel

Optics & LightDerived Shadows and the Squaring of Curved Figures

Blank Verso of Two Mounted Fragments

GeometryThe Largest Square Inscribed in a Right Triangle

Blank Verso (No Writing or Drawing)

GeometrySquaring Lunes and Circles: Geometric Games

Blank Verso (No Writing or Drawing)

GeometryGeometric Projections with a Memorandum on Florence

Blank Verso (No Writing or Drawing)

GeometryDoubling the cube, with plans for a palace and garden aviary

Machines & DevicesA mechanical 'bird of the comedy' and framing sketches

GeometrySquaring the lunes of the hexagon and the square

GeometryCircles as squares of their diameters; dividing a lune

Optics & LightThe inversion of the image, with a converging light-ray diagram

Blank verso of folio 631

Physics & MechanicsRaising a Beam by Counterweights Through Right Angles

Physics & MechanicsLevers and Counterweights for Raising Beams

HydraulicsStudy of Rippling, Wavelike Water

Blank Leaf (No Writing or Drawing)

Figure StudiesRed-Chalk Profile Head with Geometric Figures

GeometryUnrolling the Surfaces of Cylinders and a Pyramid

GeometrySquaring lunes and portions of circles

GeometrySquaring lunes; and a maxim on natural wit

Painting & PerspectiveThe picture plane and the visual pyramid

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Machines & DevicesSelf-moving wheel driven by lead balls and a screw

Blank verso (invisible before restoration)

Physics & MechanicsSuspended-beam weights and a book memorandum

HydraulicsDefending the Isonzo: river barriers against the Turks

GeometrySquaring circular segments and lunes

Blank verso, no writing or drawings

GeometrySquaring the ring: quadrature of circles and annuli

GeometryTriangles between parallels and circular portions

GeometryQuadrature of Lunes and Curvilinear Figures

GeometryDouble Circular Sector

Optics & LightCanal-Cutting at Brivio and the Theory of Cast Shadows

Physics & MechanicsWeights and Friction on Inclined Rods

Optics & LightRefraction Through Water and Crystal; Camera Obscura

Blank Verso, Recovered in Restoration

HydraulicsFunding a navigable canal by selling its surplus water

Blank verso (unwritten, revealed by restoration)

HydraulicsThe motion of falling water and where its violent motion ends

Blank verso (unwritten, revealed by restoration)

Optics & LightThe eye, the pupil, and images of the sun on the sea

Blank verso (unwritten, revealed by restoration)

GeometryGeometry: proportional division and circle contact points

GeometryGeometry of tangent points, with sketches of springs and devices

Physics & MechanicsOn Flame: the physics of fire, wind and smoke

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

Physics & MechanicsBalances and weights: the centres of gravity govern the beam

Physics & MechanicsTriangular balance and proportional distribution of weights

Optics & LightLight rays and the gradation of shadow through an aperture

Optics & LightSolar rays and the shadow cast by a sphere

Arithmetic & ProportionCannon on a carriage, with calculations and a divided circle

Machines & DevicesBucket-wheel for raising water, with lever ratios

GeometryTransforming rectangles: widening and shortening

Near-blank verso revealed by restoration

GeometrySquaring the circle: lunes reduced to triangles and squares

GeometryBlank side of a fragmentary leaf, with recto showing through

GeometrySemicircles divided into equal sectors

Blank leaf, verso (invisible before restoration)

GeometryLunes in quarter-and-eighth proportion, with a letter draft

GeometryA catalogue of lunes: the quadrature demanded without arithmetic

HydraulicsThe San Marco lock-gate, with a 1489 ledger of fines

Civil EngineeringBox for excavating a ditch bottom, with fines ledger and tables

Physics & MechanicsImpact of colliding spheres, with geometry of solids and circles

Physics & MechanicsRotational rebound of struck spheres, with divisions of the circle

Optics & LightThe power of light through apertures, and derived shadows

Optics & LightDerived shadow on steps and slopes, and light through apertures

GeometryDividing a portion of a circle into equal parts by halving

GeometrySquaring lunes and dividing semicircles, with flight notes

GeometrySquaring the circle by twelve inscribed circles

GeometryDefinitions of arcs, chords, sagittae and circle-portions

Optics & LightThe sun's image in water and the roundness of distant light

AstronomyThe moon's water, reflected sunlight, and eclipse light

AstronomyMeasuring the sun and moon's size from their distance

AstronomyThe Moon in Eight Phases and the Sun Reflected on Water

BotanyFlowering Plant, and How Spectacles Restore Aged Sight

Physics & MechanicsWhat Is Heavy and Light: Gravity, Water and Trapped Air

Physics & MechanicsLever and Counter-Lever: Weights Carried by an Angled Cord

Sculpture & CastingCraft Recipes: Parting Gold from Silver, Gilding, and Yellow Glass

Arithmetic & ProportionSquares and Roots, with Small Geometric Figures

GeometryGeometry of lunules, octagons, and the quadrature of figures

Physics & MechanicsA sphere at rest on a plane: gravity and the central line

Blank verso (no writing or drawings)

GeometryTransforming pyramids and cylinders: height versus base

GeometryTransmutations of a slab: simple and composite changes

FlightOn sailing, driving piles, and the nature of the winds

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Personal NotesMemorandum of errands, purchases and books to procure

Arithmetic & ProportionSuccessive halving and the vessel of wine and water

GeometryA method to measure any distance by triangulation

Blank leaf, invisible before restoration

Personal NotesDraft letter of complaint about a German mirror-maker

Verso: no original writing or drawings

Optics & LightPyramids of incident and reflected light rays

Optics & LightSunlight through an aperture; mirror and reflected rays

GeometrySquaring of figures and transformation of quadrilaterals

Verso: no original writing or drawings

Physics & MechanicsWeights, siphons and the winding of rivers

Optics & LightShaded sphere on a verso devoid of writing

Machines & DevicesAnemometer, hygrometer and geared measuring instruments

Lists & AccountsLedger of debits and credits in lire and soldi

Optics & LightPreface to the treatise on shadow: the seven books

Optics & LightOptics of the eye: vision, the pupil and lit spheres

Optics & LightThe sun reflected in water and the book of mirrors

AstronomyA method for measuring the course of the sun

Optics & LightLight, shadow and the visual pyramids of a sphere

Optics & LightDiminution of figures and solids along a beam of rays

HydraulicsThe motion of water waves and their percussion

GeometryCircles, inscribed figures and incident rays on a ring

Physics & MechanicsPercussion of heavy bodies, a wheel system and aphorisms

Arithmetic & ProportionAltimetry, accounts, and studies of a leaf and flower

Physics & MechanicsThe windlass lever, suspended rods, and the machine of the air

Arithmetic & ProportionAlgebraic place-values, a trajectory, and a column of woven rings

Physics & MechanicsBeams on two cords: equal angles, equal support

Physics & MechanicsRaising a beam by a cord: lever weights at every degree

Physics & MechanicsThe three natures of ponderous motion and the nature of Force