Water-raising screws, wheels and counterweight pumps

Triangular Archimedean screw conveys more water than the round

The trough marked a receives the larger wheel, and the trough marked b lies within the wheel's diameter. Leonardo argues this triangular screw carries much more water than a round one and is easier to make in timber, though less easy to turn; of its 3 faces two pour out at once as the water leaves.

Counterweighted well-wheel that raises the bucket itself

A large wheel draws from a well. Each time the bucket is full, one presses a hand on the pinion and the bucket rises by itself, overcome by the weight of the counterweight.

Drawing water from a street well into a house

A device projects from a building's window to draw water from a well in the street below, marked with the fraction 1/3.

Counterweight six times the water sends it as high as wished

The water could be sent as high as you wish provided the counterweight that drives the water is made 6 times greater than the water that rises.

Valved counterweight boxes and their air intake

The heavy lead counterweights (100, 100, 200, 200 pounds) should each carry a valve fixed in the bottom, so that when pulled up quickly they admit air into the space beneath; otherwise, fitting exactly in their cases, they would weigh more than double because water is heavier and cannot follow as fast as air.

Lead-weighted leather bag as a table fountain

A lead weight presses a leather bag full of water so that it spouts for 2 or 3 hours; the same water refills the bag as the lead is drawn up. It needs 2 valves, and the bag should be of dog-leather soaked in linseed oil and dried.

A sinistra, sul cassone della macchina:

Sui due truogoli le lettere:

Sopra la figura:

Dall'angolo sinistro inferiore verso il centro del foglio: Particolare di "vite":

Grande ruota che attinge da un pozzo:

" Vite " a due facce:

Finestra di edificio da cui sporge un congegno che attinge acqua da un pozzo. Entro la finestra il numero:

A destra dall'alto in basso:

Figura di grande macchina. Sulla cassetta applicata alla ruota:

A destra:

A sinistra della macchina il disegno particolareggiato della cassetta, sopra e sotto della quale:

Sotto la macchina i suoi contrappesi; entro i quali:

Di fianco ai contrappesi:

A sinistra dei contrappesi:

Angolo inferiore destro. Una figura più grande e una più piccola:

On the left, on the machine's casing:

On the two troughs, the letters:

Above the figure:

From the lower left corner toward the centre of the sheet. Detail of a screw:

A large wheel drawing from a well:

A two-faced screw:

A building's window from which a device projects to draw water from a well. Within the window, the number:

On the right, from top to bottom:

Figure of a large machine. On the box fitted to the wheel:

On the right:

To the left of the machine, the detailed drawing of the box, above and below which:

Below the machine, its counterweights, within which:

Beside the counterweights:

To the left of the counterweights:

Lower right corner. One larger figure and one smaller: