Five culverins of graded size with their dimensions
Greater, great, more-than-medium and medium culverins, with bore, breech and shot-weights
Five long culverin barrels are drawn upright, arranged by size and lettered, each with a column of measurements below. Leonardo records the length of the shaft, the thickness of the breech and muzzle, and the placement of the trunnion (polo) at the piece's balance point in the middle of the whole gun. Several entries also note the weight of shot the piece fires, such as "balls 27 1/7" or "balls 40 4/5," and he remarks that the greater culverin f has no tail while the others do. Losses in the sheet interrupt some of the columns.
On this page
Greater culverin f a, ten-faced, with trunnion at the balance point
The greater new culverin, marked f a with ten faces, is 6 braccia 3 inches long, its exact middle falling 3 braccia 1 1/2 inches from the central cornice to the rear fillet. The clear breech shaft is 7 1/2 inches thick and the muzzle-end 4 2/3 inches. The trunnion sits at the middle third toward the breech, that is at the middle of the whole piece, and is 8/12 as thick as the front shaft.
Great culverin b a of twelve sides; culverin f alone has no tail
The great culverin, marked b a with twelve sides, is 6 braccia long from a to b in the clear shaft, 7 inches thick at the foot and 4 2/3 inches at the head, with a mouth 2 2/3 inches thick. Leonardo notes that the culverin f has no tail while the others do.
More-than-medium culverin a n firing shot of 27 1/7
The more-than-medium new culverin, marked a n, fires balls of 27 1/7 and is 5 braccia long. Its breech is 6 inches thick in the clear, the muzzle-end 4 inches, and the mouth with its ball 2 1/4 inches. The trunnion is sized like the others.
Medium culverins, old and new, with their ball-weights
Two medium culverins close the row: an old eight-sided piece b a n firing balls of 40 4/5, 5 braccia long with a breech 4 1/3 inches thick; and a new lesser one a n, eight-angled, firing balls of 33 3/5 and 4 2/3 braccia long. Both share a muzzle-end of 2 5/6 inches and a mouth of 1 2/3 inches.
Measurements as fractions of a braccio and shot as fractional weights
Each piece is defined by ratios: lengths in braccia and inches, wall thicknesses as fractions of an inch, and the trunnion set as a fraction (8/12) of the front shaft's thickness. The shot each gun fires is likewise given fractionally, from 27 1/7 to 40 4/5.