Grammar study: parts of speech and verbs of motion
Definitions of the parts of speech, with a long list of Italian action verbs
Leonardo works through the parts of speech, giving a name, definition and example for each: adjective, substantive, noun, verb, relative, participle, pronoun, preposition, adverb, interjection and conjunction, with sample words such as 'bella donna' (beautiful woman) and 'Antonio studia' (Antonio studies). A left-hand block parses simple phrases into their grammatical elements. A lower column lists dozens of Italian verbs of vigorous or violent motion. The page reads as a private exercise in Italian grammar and vocabulary.
On this page
The parts of speech defined with examples
Each grammatical category is named and illustrated: the adjective 'bello', the substantive 'homo', the verb 'pinge', the relative 'il quale', the adverb ('Bene, Lionardo fa bene'), the interjection ('Eimè, io vorrei andare') and the conjunction ('Io et tu'). The pronoun is defined as that which stands in place of the proper name, and the preposition as that which is placed before other things.
Parsing sample phrases
On the left Leonardo breaks simple phrases into parts: 'Antonio' as noun and 'studia' as verb, 'bella' as adjective and 'donna' as substantive, with the relative 'per lo quale' and the pronouns 'tu, quello, voi, noi, io'. It is a schematic exercise in grammatical analysis.
List of Italian verbs of motion
A long lower column gathers action verbs, many describing abrupt or violent movement: percotere (to strike), cadere (to fall), saltare (to leap), precepitare (to plunge headlong), gittare (to throw), battere (to beat) and rotolare o burlare (to roll or tumble). The vocabulary collects words for striking, falling, twisting and tumbling.
