Quadrature of lunes and curvilinear surfaces
Rosette-like constructions squaring lunes, hexagons within circles, and the 'vasicola' figure
The sheet is filled with columns of geometric figures — hexagons, star-polygons, and circles set within squares and hexagons in dense rosette-like patterns — devoted to squaring curved surfaces. Leonardo repeatedly shows that lunes are 'squarable': removing squarable curved parts from a rectilinear whole leaves a squarable remainder. He argues from circles that are double one another, whose portions can be matched (six portions of the greater worth twelve of the smaller), and names special figures such as the 'curved-rayed star' and the 'vasicola' surface. Longer passages of prose fill the central and side columns and were not transcribed here.
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Squaring the curvilinear surface a c n g
A lettered figure asserts that the square a b c d is worth the curvilinear surface a c n g. It is one of the sheet's opening statements that a curved region can be given an equal square.
Lunes are squarable; a square remains
The two circles of a lune are each double the other, so the whole lune is worth half the greatest circle. Removing from it the two greatest portions leaves a square. In these surfaces the lunes are squarable and their fields are made square.
Hexagon in a circle and its squarable remainder
A first hexagon of white area equals the largest hexagon that fits in the greatest circle, and its remainder is squarable in itself. A second, 'empty' hexagon is shown to be worth the first, matching white to white and dark to dark, thereby squaring a curvilinear surface. Because the field is rectilinear, removing a squarable known part leaves a squarable remainder.
Doubled circles: 6 portions of the greater equal 12 of the smaller
For circles each double the other, the 6 portions of the larger are worth the 12 portions of the smaller. The rule underlies the star and rosette figures of the third column.
The 'vasicola' surface, squared by its diameter
A surface Leonardo names the 'vasicola' (little vessel) is said to be squarable in itself, and is squared by multiplying its diameter by itself. A related bi-angular surface a b c is labelled below.
