A distillation furnace with a water-cooled alembic (still)
A furnace whose alembic cap is kept cold by running water, with the plaster mould and lathe method for making the still
The main drawing shows a distillation apparatus: a furnace carrying an alembic whose cap is kept cold by a continually changed water bath, which Leonardo says is the way to make every distillation clear and fine. Smaller studies give the alembic seen from above, the vapour inlet, and the outlet whence the air escapes. Accompanying notes explain how to make the alembic by first turning a wooden pattern on a lathe, finishing it with fuller's clay, and then casting it in a plaster mould, cleaning it afterwards with soap boiled from the residue.
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Furnace and water-cooled alembic
This furnace must have a water that is continually changed, so that the cap of the alembic standing beneath it stays always cold; this is the way to make every distillation clear and fine. After distilling, boil soft soap with the residue to clean the vessel. The alembic itself is made in a mould.
Inlet of the alembic
A label above the mouth of the alembic in the largest drawing marks the opening for putting in the charge to be distilled.
Turning the alembic pattern on a lathe
To make the alembic in relief for moulding in plaster, first have the pattern made of wood on the lathe and finish it with shearer's (fuller's) clay.
The alembic seen from above
A smaller figure at the lower right shows the alembic viewed from above.
Plaster mould for the alembic
A note beneath the lower figure labels it the plaster mould for making the alembic; a further label marks where the air issues from it.
