Highland Lakes from Landslides, and Surface Geometry
Rivers dammed by fallen mountains; theorems on equal surfaces and squaring; a bombard
The sheet joins geometry to natural science. A top paragraph explains how mountains, their roots eaten away by the swift rivers plunging at their feet, collapse and close the mouths of high valleys, raising the water's surface into new lakes, springs and rivers in high places. The rest, written across the turned sheet, develops theorems on superimposing equal surfaces (parts in common contact are congruent, the remainders equal), on a triangle regaining its whole when its part is restored, and on surfaces that are always squarable, illustrated with a labeled triangle b-a-c. In the upper corner a bombard drawn in section carries the note that the more fire kindled in equal time, the greater the force driving its ball.
On this page
Superimposed equal surfaces are congruent in contact
If two similar and equal surfaces are partly superimposed, what is in common contact is equal in quantity and figure, and so are their remainders. If two surfaces equal in quantity but differing in figure overlap, the contact part is equal in quantity and figure while the untouched parts are equal in quantity but different in figure.
A triangle regains its whole
That part of a surface regains its whole to which its remainder is restored. It is proved with surface a b, an isosceles triangle, from which the portion b is removed, leaving a as part of the triangular surface.
Mountain landslides that dam great rivers
The ruins of mountains, fallen upon their own consumed roots through the continual swift rivers plunging at their feet, close the mouths of the great high valleys. These block the outflow and are the cause of raising the water into new lakes, springs and rivers in high places.
More fire, more force in a bombard
A sketch of a bombard in section carries the principle that the greater the sum of fire kindled in equal time within one same bombard, the greater the power with which its ball is driven.
