Concealed underground vault with hidden water supply
A defensive subterranean chamber, its water inlets hidden from the enemy, with anchoring and winch mechanisms
The dominant drawing is a large arched underground vault (cava sotterranea), shown with an inclined graduated ramp, a brick wall in section, and a pump. Leonardo dimensions the chamber so two men can pass, routes a concealed water channel f g through vents in the walls, and specifies a pump and an oak chest to drain and floor it. The accompanying text explains how the water inlet is hidden from the enemy by leaving fissures between bricks and stopping them with potter's clay so they cannot be seen. At the upper left, per the catalogue note, are mechanical studies: an anchoring base, a conical screw for cutting nut-screws, a winch with a wheel-flywheel, and more complex gear-trains.
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Underground vault sized so two men can pass
The great arched chamber is an underground vault (cava sotterranea) lettered f, b d, a c g. It is to be three and a half braccia high and two braccia wide, enough that two men meeting inside can give way to one another, allowing the passage of a foot or an elbow.
Hidden channel f g and a pump to drain the flooded vault
Leonardo runs the channel f g inside the ironwork so the water does not seep past the first outer wall but passes through vents into the vault, keeping the earth between the two walls intact. He calls for a pump (tromba) to empty the flooded vault and an oak chest to be made at the bottom.
Brick fissures a b c d concealing the inlet from the enemy
So the enemy cannot find the water's entrance from outside, fissures are left inside at a b c d between one brick and the next, as wide as the lime between them, and spaced every 6 or 8 bricks. Their inner lips are closed with thin, weak potter's clay so they are not seen by anyone going back and forth.
Anchoring base, conical screw, winch and gear-trains
According to the catalogue note, the upper drawing shows a base shaped as an irregular truncated pyramid that drops into a hole to anchor a heavy object by a hook. Beside it a conical screw serves to cut the threads of nut-screws; below is a winch with a wheel-flywheel, and at the right more complex gear-trains.
