Squaring the Circle: Lunes and Equal Curved Figures
Three columns of circle, lune and square constructions on the quadrature of curved areas
A full sheet of geometrical quadrature laid out in three columns, its top-right corner torn away. Leonardo works with circles, inscribed squares, lunes and 'circular parallels', repeatedly asserting that certain curved figures are of equal value and can be reduced to squares. He removes the four greatest portions of a circle and reasons that the remainder equals a square, treats pairs of small circles as equal to a semicircle, and shows figures worth double their antecedent square, building an argument that the union of lunes with parallels is squarable.
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Squaring by removing four lune-portions
In the right column, a circle circumscribing a square with three further circles: the circular parallel n p m o is worth the circle it encloses, and removing the four greatest portions leaves a square. Leonardo argues the greatest circle keeps three quarters of its value when the quarter a c is taken away.
Two circles equal to the semicircle
A semicircle i K a c with two smaller circles a b c d and e f g h: the two circles are shown worth the semicircle. Removing equal parts i, g h leaves the remainder K of the semicircle worth the remainders b f of the two circles.
Lunes and parallels reduced to a square
A double circle in which the parallels a d are worth the lunes b c. If both the parallels and the two lunes are squarable, then their union is squarable, and its square equals the greatest square of the greatest circle.
A figure worth double its antecedent square
Among the final figures, a b c d is stated to be worth double its antecedent, that is double its square, while a neighbouring figure equals its antecedent exactly. The notes track the proportional value of each constructed area against the last.
