15
When the earth of the ditches must be thrown wholly from one of the sides.

ab

* This is feasible.

* ... men ...at 3 turns per spadeful ... men with the trans... the same ...or spadefuls of place ... [they] dig a bar[row] ... of the ditch ... barrow-loads per hour ... if they carried them themselves right out of the ditch, because the time of 5 repeats would be gained, which is 10 turns, of which we would spend 5 in going and returning, so that 5 turns would still be gained.

... 3 turns 18 men ... a bar[row] ... out of the ditch ... theirs which are ... barrow-loads of earth.

16

Every 3 turns 16 spadefuls.

* First. — Ordinary and common method that gives, with 18 men, one barrow in 3 turns.

* This order cannot be observed, since, once the middle span(?) is made, it is necessary, in order to widen said span to double, to remove 2 ranks of men, which are 6, that are then good for spreading the earth over the embankment.
And if you wanted to put them at the head of the other workmen, the order can in no way be observed, and such confusion causes waste of time and expense.

*... let them fill, and 4 that empty ... or digs a barrow-load of earth ... and the windlass that turns gives at each ... 8 barrows of earth and they empty ... and the buckets have their pole in the middle ... and the place where they empty and ...ted from the middle downward, whence it turns under ... and then returns upright do... This empties 1080 barrows.

40 1080 188 1 10 1080 333 360 3 10 1080 333 360 1080 360 360 1080 16 2160 360 6120 360 2 5760 720 1721 235 6 30 5760 666 960 6 5760 0 12 720 200 36 20 01 2160 2000 22 108 20 000 2160 720 60 160 18 16 480 960 60 160 1080 2560 30 1560 66 260 156 160 16 960 48 360 18 200 20 200 20 360 48 96 16 6 18 360 18 24 200 20 12 50 6 960 36 25 10 100 1080 111 022 999 222 1/5 221 1 5 200 2

If you had given me ... the ditch would be empt[ied] ... This you will give in ... such a method is required ... And such a thing I will not say ... so that better I may ...

c b - 4 4 4 4 4 - braccia 4

... in 60 turns a chest of earth is unloaded with 36 men ... 8 workmen, who with only the motion of one foot, now from the right, now from the left ... a space of 4 braccia, which 2 spadefuls weigh 50 pounds, that is 1/3 of a barrow, and the basket ... and to move it these 4 braccia and give it to the companion makes the sum of 3 turns.

... empty, and one man I place at a to empty this basket, so that in such work ... in 9 turns a barrow of earth of 3 baskets and 6 spadefuls is unloaded at the place a ... a whole barrow, and in 60 turns a chest of earth, which is 20 barrows.

c (c) b (b) - 6 6 6 6 - g — n m f

30 men in 60 turns conduct and unload the chest ... and 3 in 5, and let them fill, and one at a who empties, and the men of a b ... full of earth in the order you see. That is, n first pushes it into m, and in that mo[ment] ... a, and whoever is in such a place pushes through 2 holes two little pieces of rod, or pegs, of a braccio each ... he has and leaves such baskets, and this together with the motion consumes 3 turns ... in 3 turns they unload 1/3 of a barrow, so that 30 men in 3 turns unload the bar[row] ... the chest of earth.

Here the same operation is done as of ... than that above; in that office 36 men are kept, and here 30 suffice ... or one gains 42 soldi the day. There is another advantage, that the men ...hold and carry with them such weight, and here the weight is supported for them, and they can endure ...

4 - braccia 1/2 - 9 c 9

... and such instruments conduct every 4 turns 2 barrow-loads of earth ... in 40 turns fills, carries and empties a chest with 10 men ... [m]en of Rimini, deputed to their instrument, would make 8 chests of earth in ... one.

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