Rivers pouring into the sea: winds, currents and sandbars
Coastal rivers bent westward by winds and sand, with notes on flow in straight channels of equal width.
This tall strip studies how rivers empty into the sea. A coastal profile lettered n, b, m, o, a and d accompanies an argument that three winds — Greco, Levante and Scirocco — drive dry shore sand into the water, where it settles into an embankment that bends south-flowing rivers westward, since the sea itself is held to flow west. Further notes and small river diagrams treat straight channels of equal flow, the slower water near the bed, and why 'disgregable' (spreading) water descends faster than 'concurrent' (gathered) water. A Latin maxim and a fragmentary phrase are written in the margins.
On this page
Why three winds bend south-flowing rivers to the west
Along a shore facing south, the river n m is said to begin bending its course westward as the winds Greco, Levante and Scirocco drive shore sand into the sea. Where waves reflected from the shore meet incoming waves the motion halts, sand settles, and because the sea flows west the river's mouth is turned that way. Leonardo proposes building a low broad bridge of thick beams the width of the shore.
Wind-blown sand settles and forms a coastal embankment
Sand driven into the water by the wind is said to be no longer in the wind's power once it is weighted down and shielded by the covering water. Sinking to the sea floor, this muddying sand builds an embankment of itself along the coast, which deflects the river's course.
Straight channels of equal flow: slope and added water
For straight waters of equal flow, width and distance from the sea over a flat bed, the more sloping surface belongs to the channel that receives the more abundant quantity of water. A second small figure is lettered m a and r n.
Unequal water height gives motion; disgregable water descends faster
Citing a proposition that water of equal height has of itself no motion, the note concludes that water of unequal height moves, faster or slower as the inequality is greater or less. Of two waters descending the same drop over equal length, the 'disgregable' (spreading) is swifter than the 'concurrent' because it acquires more declination.
