The hexagon and the sixfold division of the circle
The square as the 'royal surface,' and the circle resolved into six sectors, triangles and portions by compass
The verso develops the geometry of the regular hexagon and the sixfold division of the circle. Leonardo calls the hexagon the most noble of the sided figures but the square the most useful — the 'royal surface' into which all others are reduced. With a single compass opening he shows the circle divided into six equal sectors, each resolving into an equilateral triangle and a portion, and sets out definitions of sector, portion, arc and chord. Several circle diagrams with a compass illustrate the successive constructions.
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The hexagon most noble, the square most useful
Among the sided surfaces the hexagon is called the most noble, but the square the most useful, since every other surface can be reduced into it — for which reason it is named the 'royal surface.'
Dividing the circle into six with one compass setting
Six is the most perfect number for dividing the circle, because a single compass opening describes the circle, cuts its circumference into six equal parts, marks the diameter, and yields six equilateral triangles. Six arcs, six chords, six sectors, six equilateral triangles and six portions all follow from that one setting; the most perfect partition resolves the circle into six equal sectors.
The sector as equilateral triangle plus a portion
Each sixth-circle sector is composed of a portion of the circle (a b c) and an equilateral triangle (a b f); the chord of the portion's arc is the side common to portion and triangle, and the arc is a sixth of the whole circumference. Only the number giving six equal and similar sectors is 'perfect.'
Definitions of sector, portion, arc and chord
A definition states that the sector of a circle has three sides — two straight and one curved (a b c) — while the portion of a circle has two sides, one straight and one curved: the curved side is named the arc, the straight side the chord.
