How Water Moves Through the Veins of the Earth
The force that lifts humors in living bodies also raises sea-water to the mountains; the birth of wind
This page of continuous prose sets out Leonardo's analogy between the living body and the body of the earth: the same cause that drives the humors in animate creatures upward against their own weight moves water through the earth's veins, drawing it from the depths of the sea to the summits of the mountains, whence it falls again to the low sea in endless revolution. Water, he writes, has nothing of its own but takes on every colour, odour and quality like a mirror. He then explains the birth of wind mechanically: cold pressing the air within a cloud acts like a hand squeezing a sponge under water, driving the enclosed air out to strike the surrounding air in waves. A marginal line closes the passage: no accident so transmutes water that it does not in the end return to its own nature.
On this page
The cause that moves the humors against their weight
The same cause that moves the humors in all animate bodies against the natural course of their gravity moves the water enclosed in the earth's veins. As low blood rises and pours through the broken veins of the forehead, and sap climbs from the vine's foot to its cut branches, so water rises within the earth.
Water rising from the sea to the mountaintops
From the lowest depth of the sea the water rises to the summits of the mountains, where, finding its veins broken, it falls through them and returns to the low sea. Thus within and without it keeps varying, rising by accidental motion and descending by natural free motion in continual revolution.
Water like a mirror, ever changing its nature
No quiet ever rests the water, neither in its course nor in its nature; it has nothing of its own but takes everything. Like a mirror it receives as many likenesses as pass before it, changing site, colour, odour, flavour, substance and quality, proving now mortal, now salutary.
The birth of wind, like a hand pressing a sponge
As a hand under water squeezes a well-soaked sponge, forcing the enclosed water to flee among the rest and strike the neighbouring water into waves, so the cold pressing a cloud drives out the air mixed within the water; this is the cause of the wind, making with the air amid the air an undulation.
Water always returns to its own nature
The marginal closing line states that no accident so transmutes the water that it does not, in the end, return to its own nature.
