Equating Circular Figures by Lending and Removing Areas
Circles "quadruple one to another": an eighth and a half reduced to a square remainder
A single long geometrical argument governs the sheet, on circles "quadruple one to another" (here an eighth and a half). Because a b c cannot receive the whole of b c e, Leonardo lends the triangle n m e to the one and an equal amount to the other so the two surfaces stay equal, then removes equal parts step by step. Tracking "single" and "double" quantities through the successive subtractions, he arrives at a n m equal to b o. A pair of portions labelled b b is drawn near the right margin.
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Lending and removing to reduce quadruple circles
a b c is worth b c e, but since it cannot receive all of b c e he lends it the triangle n m e and lends as much (o) to b c e, keeping the surfaces equal. Removing a, then b, then e in turn from both sides leaves equal remainders; working the "single" and "double" quantities through further subtractions finally leaves a n m equal to b o.
Paired portions b b at the margin
Near the right margin two portions are drawn and labelled b b, accompanying the main reduction.
