Quadrature of the Lune
Squaring sickle-shaped figures by matching convex and concave arcs
This leaf tackles the classical problem of the quadrature of lunes ('falcate' — sickle-shaped figures bounded by two arcs). Leonardo starts from two equal known quantities, subtracts equal parts, and works to turn a crescent bounded by unlike curves into a squarable rectangle, cutting the convex arc of the larger to fill the concavity of the smaller. He notes explicitly that a lune whose convex and concave sides are alike but not equal cannot be squared whole, so he isolates its squarable part. The right margin carries the crescents and small squares that accompany each step.
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Squaring a lune from two known quantities
Starting from two known quantities such as 6 and 6, Leonardo removes equal parts (2 and 2) leaving 4, halves the squarable c a, and cuts from the convex curve of the larger arc enough to fill the concavity of the shorter concave arc so that the remainder b b can be squared.
Why a lune of unequal curves cannot be squared whole
Because the curved sides b c, convex and concave, are alike but not equal, the squaring of the whole is impossible; so Leonardo takes the squarable part e, squares it, draws it from c, and leaves a remainder equal to the b that was never in itself squarable.
