Squaring the Lune of the Hexagon and Crescents
Geometric proofs equating crescents, portions and sectors, invoking the classical problem of squaring.
The verso continues the quadrature studies with proofs that convert lunes, crescents and portions into equal squares and rectilinear figures. Leonardo squares the lune of the hexagon by removing four equal portions and restoring their value, and works a long demonstration on a quarter and an eighth of circles double one another, adjusting c and d until crescent a is proved equal to portion b, an operation he calls fulfilling 'the requirement of Xenophon.' Repeated columns rehearse the same take-and-render method so that equal parts removed from equal sectors leave equal remainders. The Ambrosiana catalogue also tags the leaf with mechanical devices, though the transcribed material here is entirely geometrical.
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Squaring the lune of the hexagon
To square the lune of the hexagon Leonardo removes four equal portions a b c d, straightens the places from which they depart, and fills with four further portions e o n g equal in quantity to those removed. He must raise or lower c into b until b remains equal to c, which is similar to all the other portions.
Crescent equated to portion: the 'requirement of Xenophon'
Taking a quarter and eighth of circles double one another, Leonardo removes singles and un-doubles portions so that b single and c single equal the whole d single. By making c equal to d he ensures crescent a becomes equal to portion b, declaring he has accomplished 'the requirement of Xenophon,' with the common contact b c shared by the two sectors.
Equal parts removed from equal sectors leave equal remainders
In the second demonstration the whole first sector b e c less a on one side and e d less b on the other are compared; since a and b removed are equal, b e c equals e d. Drawing c from d leaves a remainder of d equal to the portion b, so the crescent and the portion are shown equal by the take-and-render method.
