Bombard versus Passavolante; the Concussion of Cannon
Why a bouncing 100-pound bombard outdoes a long culverin, and how firing shakes the earth
Leonardo argues that in the field a 100-pound bombard is far more effective than a passavolante: its ricocheting shot harms the enemy, whereas the heavy lead ball of the long gun does not bounce after its first impact. He then describes the concussion of artillery — a great bombard fired ten miles off can topple a balanced arrow or pebble through the trembling of the earth. Fired inside a walled courtyard a small bombard shatters vessels and paper windows, lifts roofs, shakes walls like an earthquake, brings down cobwebs and kills small animals, and even causes pregnant creatures to miscarry. Faint sketches of artillery and a carriage appear at the foot of the leaf.
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Bombard preferred to the passavolante in the field
In open battle a bombard of 100-pound range is judged far better than a passavolante, because its shot ricochets and so keeps harming the enemy. The passavolante's lead ball, being heavy, does not bounce after its first impact and is therefore less useful.
The earth-shaking concussion of a fired bombard
A great bombard fired ten miles from a balanced arrow can make it fall through the trembling of the earth. Fired in a walled courtyard a small bombard breaks vessels and paper windows, lifts roofs from their supports, shakes walls and ground like a great earthquake, brings down spiders' webs, and injures any nearby body that holds air within it.
