Rules for an experiment on a falling weight striking a ball
The weight b drops onto the axle n and launches ball a; with a note defending his rules of mechanics
The page opens by defending the value of Leonardo's 'rules': they rein in engineers and investigators from promising impossible things and being taken for madmen or cheats. The main text lays out an experimental program in which a weight b, dropped from various heights onto the end of an axle n, launches a ball a, and the distances flown are to be measured as the fall, weight, board angle, length, overhang and width are varied. Red-chalk sketches at the upper right show a table with a hanging weight over a basin and a trestle-mounted arm, the apparatus for these impact trials.
On this page
In defence of his rules
Answering those who ask what his rules bring forth and what use they are, he replies that they hold the bridle on engineers and investigators, so that they neither promise themselves nor others impossible things and so get taken for madmen or cheats.
How far a struck ball flies for a given fall
The weight b falls from different heights onto the head of the axle n and drives the ball a forward. He asks whether, if b falls 4 braccia the ball a flees 10, and if b falls 8 the ball a flees 20, and whether halving the weight while doubling the fall gives the same blow, deferring finally to the verdict of experience.
Table, axle and board apparatus
The red-chalk sketches show the rig for the trials: a table carrying a hanging weight above a round basin, and a trestle-mounted horizontal arm ending in a small disc, corresponding to the weight b, the axle n and the launched ball a of the text.
Doubling of fall and flight; the rule of three
The trials probe whether the flight of the ball scales in simple proportion with the height of fall, and Leonardo notes to check whether the rule of three serves at all in this case.
