Wheels as Balances and the Law of Block-and-Tackle
Pulleys and compound tackle treated as perfect balances, with rules of weight, motion and time
This sheet develops the idea that every wheel turned by force or weight acts as a perfect balance whose pole lies at the centre of its circle. Diagrams of a suspended sphere and of compound pulley systems carry numeric load ratios (8-4-4-8, 16-8-8-4444) and name the two ends of the hoisting rope: the windlass-rope (arganica) and the holding-rope (ritenente). A set of proportional laws under the headings Of weight, Of motion and Of time relate the number of pulleys in the tackle to the mechanical advantage, the length of rope drawn, and the relative speed of the ropes.
On this page
Every wheel acts as a perfect balance
Wheels fixed in instruments and turned by force or weight perform the office of a perfect balance when one power overcomes the other. That wheel is a perfect balance whose pole's centre coincides with the centre of its circle.
A sphere suspended from two cords
Beside the ratio 8 — 4 4 — 8, the note states that a spherical body suspended by opposite transverse ends will give of itself an equal weight to its two supports.
Dividing the load among the pulleys
For the compound tackle marked 16-8-8-4444, the rule of weight directs that you divide the load you wish to raise by the number of wheels in the tackles; attaching the result to the windlass-rope (arganica) gives the weights that will resist equally as one descends against the other.
Proportional laws of the tackle
Under Of motion, Of time and Of weight, the ropes and the load are related to the number of wheels: the windlass-rope moves as many times farther than the load as there are wheels, moves proportionally faster than the holding-rope, and the weight sustained exceeds the sustaining force by the same number.
