Friction and counterweight in balanced weights
Studies of friction ('confregazione') against counterweights, with pulley and roller sketches and number columns
The sheet studies friction and equilibrium. Leonardo weighs how a small power can act against a load of 4 but not against the added friction of 1/8, and advises setting aside the real weights that resist one another so as to compare instead the resistance of friction with an equal power. Small figures of a balance beam, pulleys, spirals and rollers carry numbers (2, 1/2, 1/8) apportioning load, friction and counterweight — one note reading "2 for the friction of the whole and 2 for counterweight, making 4." Columns of arithmetic, some in another hand, work sums around 5200 and 2590, and a rotated fragment names Antonio; further faint mirror-script underlies the page.
On this page
Power against load versus its friction
On a rod in equilibrium (with points n, g, f, A, m) one unit can act against 4, but not against its friction of 1/8, which is added into the said 4 through the frictions.
Compare friction's resistance to an equal weight
Always leave alone the real weights that resist one another, and attend to comparing together the resistance of the friction with the weight of a power equal to it.
Friction and counterweight summed as 4
A figure numbered 2 – 1 2 1 – 2 2 - 2 is glossed: here it is 2 for the friction of the whole and 2 for counterweight, which makes 4.
Columns of calculation
Long columns of figures work sums totalling 5200 and 2590, some entered in another hand, applying the friction-and-weight reasoning to numbers.
Balance beam, pulleys and rollers
The mechanisms drawn include a balance beam with pulleys at upper left, spirals, and paired cylinders or rollers, the fittings against which the friction is being reckoned.
