Load, lever and winch: proportion of weight to force
A pulley bearing a weight marked 10 over a graduated beam, in mirror-script
In reversed (mirror) script Leonardo sets out the proportion between a weight suspended by a winch through a lever and rope and the force the operator must apply, relating it to half the winch's diameter and the span of the lever from the operator's hand to the axle. A pen diagram below shows a weight marked 10 hanging from a pulley at one end of a dotted, graduated horizontal beam, with a small circle marked 1 at the other end.
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Proportion of the raised weight to the mover's applied force
The weight suspended by the lever and the winch-rope stands to the mover's force in the same proportion as half the diameter of the winch together with the length of lever between the operator's hand and the axle. It treats the winch as a lever turning about its axle.
Diagram of a weighted pulley on a graduated beam
A weight labelled 10 hangs from a pulley set at one end of a horizontal beam divided into equal marks, while a small circle labelled 1 sits at the far end. The sketch illustrates how load and length combine along the beam.