Beginning of the treatise on water: the body of the earth
Man as a lesser world, why water rises to mountaintops, and how heat drives clouds and rivers.
This folio opens Leonardo's treatise on water with the microcosm analogy: man is a 'lesser world' whose bones, lake of blood and branching veins answer to the earth's stones, its Ocean Sea (which swells and shrinks every six hours as if breathing), and its infinite veins of water. He argues that because the sea's surface lies far below the mountains, water could rise to their peaks only if the earth's body works like man's, the same cause that lifts blood to the head lifting water to the summits. A third section, 'On the heat in the world,' traces how vital heat and the sun draw vapors from seas and marshes into cold clouds that fall as rain and hail, and wrest water up to the mountaintops, where, finding fissures, it issues as rivers.
On this page
Man the lesser world; the earth's veins of water
As man's lake of blood feeds veins that branch through his body, so the Ocean Sea fills the body of the earth with infinite veins of water; and as the lung swells and shrinks with breathing, the Ocean swells and shrinks every six hours with the breathing of the world.
Stones support the earth as bones support flesh
Man is composed of earth, water, air, and fire, and the body of the earth is his likeness. As man's bones frame and support his flesh, the world's stones support the earth; but the earth's body lacks sinews, since it is in perpetual stability and needs none for movement.
Why water rises to the tops of mountains
The whole surface of the calm Ocean is equally distant from the earth's center, and the mountaintops rise as far above it. Water so much lower than the mountains could rise to their tops only if the earth's body were like man's, the cause keeping blood at the top of the head being the same that keeps water at the mountain summits.
Heat draws vapors that fall as rain and feed rivers
Where there is life there is heat, and heat draws moist vapors, fogs, and clouds up from seas, marshes, rivers, and wet valleys; rising to the cold region they thicken into dark clouds, fall as rain or, with the sun's heat, freeze into hail. That heat also wrests waters up to the mountaintops, where, finding fissures, they flow out as rivers.
