Weight and force; a 400-pound block on four supports
Propositions comparing weight with force, and a diagram showing how removing two supports doubles the load on the others.
Continuing the meditation on the 'passions' of violence, Leonardo ranks weight, force, motion and blow by power and permanence, judging weight the weakest but longest-lasting. A chain of propositions explores how weight presses through its perpendicular support, descends toward the center of the world by the shortest path, and contrasts weight (natural, stable, eternal) with force (accidental, fleeting, mortal). A marginal diagram of a four-hundred-pound block on four supports labeled a, b, c and d shows that lifting the two rear supports doubles the load carried by a and d to four hundred pounds.
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The four passions of violence ranked
Violence is composed of weight, force, motion and blow; some reduce it to three passions. The most powerful, the blow, has the shortest life; force is second, motion third for weakness, and weight, if counted, is weaker yet longer-lasting than all.
Every weight descends to the center by the shortest path
Every weight desires to descend to the center by the shortest path, and greater heaviness means greater desire; a free weight falls faster the more it weighs, and a less oblique opposition resists it more.
Weight versus force
Weight can be seen without force, but force cannot be seen without weight. The more weight falls, the more it increases; the more force falls, the more it diminishes. Weight is natural, stable and eternal; force is accidental, fleeting and mortal.
A perpendicular support bears the whole weight
Weight is present all throughout its perpendicular opposition, and it is entire at each degree of that.
An oblique support cannot resist a weight
An oblique and free opposition will not resist the descending of a weight; indeed it will fall together with it.
Four-support block: removing two doubles the load
A four-hundred-pound block rests on four supports a, b, c and d. If a and d bore two hundred pounds before, then lifting the rear pair b and c doubles the load at a and d to four hundred.
