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Library/Paris Manuscript F/67

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Paris Manuscript F — 67

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Bibliothèque de l'Institut de France, Paris

campo1. Onde seguita che la parte g è poca ombrosa, perché la sommità dell'obbietto p, ancora ch'elli occupi alla parte della popilla f la veduta di tal sito, e' non resta però che tutto 'l rimanente di tale popilla non veda esso sito g; ma in h parrà più oscuro, perché lì vede men parte di popilla che non vedea2 in g, e men popilla vede in i e meno in K, e così successivamente si va consumando tutta l'altezza di tal popilla in essa visione; per la qual cosa in ogni grado di visione l'obietto p oscura più il suo campo, tanto che al fine rimane oscurato integralmente dello intero colore di tale obbietto.

Concezzione.

Quella acqua da sé3 non si move, della quale la sua superfizie è d'equale altezza.

Dice qui che se l'acqua verserà pel fondo, che la superfizie sarà d'equale altezza e pur si moverà. Al quale si contraddice colla settima che dice che quella superfizie dell'acqua che verserà pel fondo, sarà più bassa, che sarà più vicina al perpendiculare del suo versamento.

L'acqua da sé non ha fermezza e da sé non si move, s'ella non discende.

L'acqua per sé non si ferma, s'ella non è contenuta.

field. Whence it follows that the part g is little shadowed, because the top of the object p, although it blocks for the part f of the pupil the view of that site, does not thereby prevent all the rest of that pupil from seeing that site g; but at h it will appear darker, because there it sees less of the pupil than it saw at g, and it sees less pupil at i and less at K, and so successively the whole height of that pupil is consumed in this vision; for which reason at every degree of vision the object p darkens its field more, until at the end it remains entirely darkened with the whole colour of that object.

Conception.

That water does not move of itself whose surface is of equal height.

He says here that if the water pours out through the bottom, the surface will be of equal height and yet it will move. To this one objects with the seventh, which says that the surface of the water that pours out through the bottom will be lower, being nearer to the perpendicular of its outflow.

Water of itself has no firmness and of itself does not move, unless it descends.

Water of itself does not come to rest, unless it is contained.

How an object darkens the pupil's field; notes on still water

Degrees of shadow in vision, followed by aphorisms on water that will not move of itself

Optics & Light Hydraulics

The upper paragraph continues an argument about vision: as an interposed object p occupies progressively more of the pupil, its field grows darker by degrees (from g to h to i to K) until it is wholly darkened by the object's colour. Below, under the heading 'Conception', Leonardo sets down several propositions about water: water whose surface stands level does not move of itself, water has no firmness and does not move unless it descends, and it does not come to rest unless it is contained. He also flags a contradiction with a 'seventh' proposition about water pouring through a bottom outlet. The page is entirely text, in mirror-script, with no diagram.

On this page

The field darkens by degrees as the object occupies the pupil (g, h, i, K)

Part g is only lightly shadowed, since although the top of object p blocks part f of the pupil, the rest of the pupil still sees site g. At h it looks darker because less pupil sees it than at g, still less at i and K, and so on until the whole height of the pupil is consumed and the field is wholly darkened with the object's colour.

Water of level surface does not move of itself

Under the heading 'Conception': water whose surface is of equal height does not move of itself. Leonardo notes an objection about water pouring through the bottom keeping a level surface yet moving, and answers it with the 'seventh' proposition. He adds that water has no firmness and does not move unless it descends, nor come to rest unless it is contained.

Reader's Edition — described with AI from the e-Leo transcription.