Backgrounds and the Outlines of Painted Bodies
Why a body's convex edge must be told apart from its field; a red-chalk tree
In a pen note headed "On painting," Leonardo argues that the backgrounds (campi) behind depicted objects are a principal part of the art, because the convex edges of bodies must be recognizable against their fields even when body and field share the same color. This happens because a convex edge is lit differently from the background and so appears lighter or darker than it; but if the edge matches the field's color exactly, the outline is lost. He warns good painters to shun such choices, since the aim is to make bodies stand forward of their backgrounds. At the upper right a light red-chalk sketch of a tree trunk and branches accompanies the note.
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Backgrounds must let the edges of bodies be read
The fields behind painted objects are a principal part of painting because the convex outlines of bodies are recognized against them even when body and field are the same color. A convex edge is not lit as the background is, so it reads lighter or darker; but when its color equals the field's, the shape of the edge is lost. Good minds avoid this, for the painter's intention is to make bodies appear forward of their fields.
Red-chalk sketch of a tree trunk and branches
At the upper right of the leaf, in red chalk, is a faint study captioned "part of a tree trunk and branches." It shows a length of trunk splitting into a few bare limbs, one of the botanical tree studies that run through this part of the notebook.
