Latin verbs and 'Motion is the cause of all life'
Grammar drill in pen beside a red-chalk maxim on motion and life
The pen grid continues the passive conjugation of amare, giving the perfect and pluperfect forms (amatus sum / fui, amatus eram / fueram) and reaching toward the future amabor. Set apart in red chalk is the aphorism 'Il moto e causa d'ogni vita' - 'Motion is the cause of all life' - one of Leonardo's terse maxims on movement. Grammar practice and a note of natural philosophy thus share the page. Faint offset from the facing leaf is visible but not transcribed.
On this page
Perfect and pluperfect passive of amare
The pen columns give amatus sum / fui (I have been / was loved) with second and third persons (es fuisti, est fuit), then amatus eram / fueram (I had been loved) with its persons, and begin the future amabor.
'Motion is the cause of all life'
In red chalk across the sheet Leonardo writes that motion is the cause of all life, a compact statement linking movement to vitality that recurs among his notes on the nature of moving bodies.