Cross-section of a watercourse bed: tufa, sand and mud
The channel floor drawn in layers labelled fondo, tufo, rena, tufo, fango
The upper centre of the page carries a small drawing of a watercourse, its bank and bed rendered as a curving, layered mass. Leonardo labels the successive strata of the channel floor from below upward: bottom (fondo), tufa (tufo), sand (rena), tufa again, and mud (fango). The remainder of the leaf is blank.
On this page
Layered floor of a watercourse
A watercourse (corso d'acqua) is drawn, and the bed through which it runs is set out in strata. Leonardo names the layers of the floor — fondo, tufo, rena, tufo, fango — that is, bottom, tufa, sand, tufa and mud, the materials a channel cuts through and lays down.