On Solids, Motion, and the Nature of Time
Geometric definitions and the parallel of point, instant, line and moment
Two facing pages of definitions and propositions in which Leonardo yokes geometry to the physics of motion and time. He defines the pyramidal and the wedge (cuneal) solids, then sets out propositions on motion issuing from a right angle, on infinitely slow and fast motion, and on the indivisible instant, arguing that point, line and angle in geometry answer to instant, span and concurrence in time. A small drawing of a lamp in the upper corner of folio 173r carries the caption "For ingratitude," glossed by a short allegory. Further untranscribed marginalia is present around the diagram.
On this page
Definitions of the pyramidal and the wedge solid
A pyramidal body is one in which all the lines drawn from the angles of its base meet at a single point, and it may be clothed with infinite angles and sides. A wedge (cuneal) body is one whose lines from the base-angles do not meet at one point but at the two points terminating a line, which must neither exceed nor fall short.
Motion issuing from a right angle
Leonardo imagines a mover departing along the line of equality while at the same instant a moving body departs along the direct line. He extends the scheme to cloud and hail descending along the two lines that contain the angle, and to two moving bodies that divide from the right angle and run along its containing sides.
Infinitely slow motion and the indivisible instant
No motion is so slow that within it an instant of rest can be found; the slower motion is the one that gains less space in the same time, the faster the one that gains more. Motion can extend into infinite slowness, but not into infinite speed across a given space, because the medium does not permit it.
Point, instant, line and angle equated
The point has no part and is the beginning and end of any line; the instant is indivisible and resides in time. Because time is incorporeal it cannot be composed into any figure, yet it accompanies geometry in point, line and proportion: the line terminated by two points answers to a span of time terminated between two instants.
The allegory of ingratitude
A small drawing in the upper corner is captioned "For ingratitude." The gloss beneath it reads: when the sun appears and drives away the darkness for all in general, you put out the very light that had driven it away for you in particular, for your need and comfort.
