Screw, Siphon and Bucket-Wheel Water-Raising Machines
An Archimedean screw and siphon lift water into a counterweight; a lever-geared bucket-garland wheel
This leaf gathers four water-raising machines, numbered 34 and 35. In the first, water climbs the screw a b into the little basin c, is lifted onward by the siphon b f into basin p, and up to S it acts as a counterweight before dropping back into the still water below. A second machine is a wheel drawing water with a chain-garland of buckets, geared through the levers a n; Leonardo notes that for 10 buckets one should provide 12 lever-arms and one counter-lever. At the foot a pair of piston pumps is worked by a cylinder that the canal's current turns.
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Screw and siphon raising water into a counterweight
Water rises by the screw a b and falls into the little basin c; from there the siphon b f lifts it into basin p, and up to S it is made a counterweight before falling into the still water below. It is a two-stage lift feeding a self-balancing scheme.
Bucket-garland wheel geared through levers a n
A wheel worked by the levers a n turns and draws water with a chain-garland of buckets. Leonardo advises that when the buckets number 10 one should make 12 lever-arms and one counter-lever.
Piston pumps driven by a current-turned cylinder
At the foot of the leaf a pair of piston pumps is worked by a cylinder that the current of the canal makes rotate. The current thus supplies the power to raise the water.