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Codex Forster II — 085v

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© Victoria and Albert Museum, London

d'equal1 distanzia al centro del mondo, onde non si cresce difficultà al suo motore.

La difficultà che dà la confregazione pel moto de' pesi, è seperata e remota da esso peso.

Ragione.

Questo si dimostra per l'antidette cose, cioè che chiaro si vede che 'l moto fatto dai pesi per linia equidiacente, non dà di sé altra difficultà al suo motore che la propia sua confregazione che fa col piano dove si tocca con esso. Il qual moto fia tanto più difficile, quanto il piano fia più ruvido2 e aspro. E che sia vero3, movila, com'è detto, sopra palle in pian perfetto. Vedera' che sanza fatica si moverà.

Il peso, del quale il suo moto si rende difficile per la confregazion che fa col pian dove si move, crescerà tanto più di gravità quanto gli mancherà fatica nella confregazion ch'elli ha col pian dove si move.

Questo si dimostra nel levarsi per linia forte oblica4, che quasi il suo semplice peso è nella forza del motore e 'l fregare poco.

...at an equal distance from the centre of the world, whence no difficulty is added to its mover.

The difficulty that friction gives to the motion of weights is separate and remote from the weight itself.

Reason.

This is demonstrated by the aforesaid things, that is, it is clearly seen that the motion made by weights along an equidistant line gives of itself no other difficulty to its mover than its own friction that it makes with the plane where it touches. This motion will be the more difficult the rougher and harsher the plane. And that this is true, move it, as has been said, upon balls on a perfect plane: you will see that it will move without effort.

The weight whose motion is made difficult by the friction it makes with the plane where it moves will increase in gravity by as much as it lacks in the effort of the friction it has with the plane where it moves.

This is demonstrated in lifting along a strongly oblique line, where almost its simple weight is in the force of the mover, and the rubbing little.

Friction is separate from weight: moving loads on a plane

Roll a load on balls over a perfect plane and it shifts without effort

Physics & Mechanics

A text page with no diagram, continuing Leonardo's argument on the mechanics of moving weights. He holds that the resistance to a load dragged along a level path comes not from the weight itself but from its friction with the surface, growing greater the rougher the plane. As proof he offers rolling the load on balls over a perfect plane, where it moves almost without effort, and observes that on a steeply inclined lift nearly the whole simple weight bears on the mover while friction becomes slight.

On this page

Friction is separate and remote from the weight

The difficulty that friction gives to the motion of weights is separate and remote from the weight itself. A load moved along a level line adds no difficulty to its mover beyond the friction it makes with the plane it touches.

Rolling on balls over a perfect plane removes the effort

The motion is the harder the rougher and harsher the plane; move the load on balls over a perfect plane and it shifts without effort. On a strongly oblique lift almost the whole simple weight lies in the force of the mover, and the rubbing is little.

Reader's Edition — described with AI from the e-Leo transcription.