Library/Codex Forster II

Codex Forster II

Codice Forster II

Images: © Victoria and Albert Museum, London · All credits

Front cover
Front Cover
Inside of front cover
Inside of the Front Cover
001r
Arithmetic & ProportionFolio 1r: Columns of Figures with Red-Chalk Sketches
001v
GeometryFolio 1v: Triangle on an Equivalent Rectangle, with Sums
002r
GeometryFolio 2r: Rectangles in a Semicircle; Note on Capacity
002v
Arithmetic & ProportionFolio 2v: Columns of Multiplication Figures
003r
Personal NotesMemorandum of faces to draw; a column of figures
003v
GeometryRight angles from perpendiculars and crossing lines
004r
GeometryTwo equal circles that generate a perfect square
004v
GeometryThe lune equals the square: equal figures leave equal remainders
005r
Painting & PerspectiveOn perspective: apparent size and the proportion of light and shade
005v
GeometryTrue proof of the square: four equal circles on one circle
006r
Weapons & FortificationThe penetrating power of the bombard
006v
Blank page (folio 6 verso)
007r
Blank page (folio 7 recto)
007v
Physics & MechanicsAn inclined beam held by three cords
008r
Physics & MechanicsOn motion: testing a model trebuchet
008v
Blank page (folio 8 verso)
009r
Painting & PerspectiveNearly Blank Leaf with the Word 'White'
009v
GeometryGeometry, a Prophecy 'Of Kid-Goats', and Stray Notes
010r
Arithmetic & ProportionRed-Chalk Sketches, Figures, and a Name
010v
Machines & DevicesBell with Ringing Mechanism, a Crown, and a Screw
011r
Machines & DevicesDetail of a Spring Mechanism
011v
Machines & DevicesPart of a Mechanism and a Building Facade
012r
Machines & DevicesGeared drum mechanism with crank and hanging weights
012v
Machines & DevicesMechanical device on a vertical shaft
013r
Machines & DevicesMechanism with balance beam, wheel and timing notes
013v
Machines & DevicesTwo mechanical details
014r
Arithmetic & ProportionColumns of numbers in continued proportion
014v
Arithmetic & ProportionContinuous and discontinuous geometric proportion
015r
Arithmetic & ProportionNotes on greater and lesser proportion
015v
Painting & PerspectivePerspective: equal objects diminish with distance
016r
Physics & MechanicsSand heaps, a divided circle and a number series
016v
Blank page (folio 16v)
017r
GeometryThree spheres and a cube with its octuple
017v
Arithmetic & ProportionGeometric progression 1 3 9 27 in arcs
018r
Arithmetic & ProportionNumber Progressions and a Weight on Pulleys
018v
Painting & PerspectiveColour Note: "White"
019r
Figure StudiesHead of a Friar in Profile
019v
GeometryHollow Parallelepiped and Number Progressions
020r
GeometryThe Cube: Faces, Corners and Edges
020v
Arithmetic & ProportionPermuted and Compound Proportion
021r
Arithmetic & ProportionDisjunct proportion: the series 6, 8, 9, 12
021v
Arithmetic & ProportionEqual proportionality of various kinds
022r
Arithmetic & ProportionReversed (perverse) order of proportion
022v
Blank page
023r
Machines & DevicesArched structure with scaffolding and pulley device
023v
Machines & DevicesToothed wheel and mechanical details
024r
Machines & DevicesFaint wheelwork sketches in red chalk
024v
GeometryParallelepiped with a diametral cut, with accounts for Arrigo
025r
GeometryHalved parallelepiped and cube, with a note on a bedstead
025v
Physics & MechanicsRotating beam, inclined planes and an irregular pentagon
026r
Physics & MechanicsRod set diametrically across a circle
026v
Blank page
027r
Blank page
027v
Figure StudiesStudy of a face in three-quarter view
028r
Blank page
028v
BotanyStudy of plant seeds in red chalk
029r
BotanyStudy of an ear of plant seeds in red chalk
029v
Ornament & HeraldryInterlace knot crossed by parallel lines
030r
Blank page (folio 30 recto)
030v
Fables & ProseA dying man's jest about 'Madonna Bona'
031r
Fables & ProseA sluggard's jest about the rising sun
031v
Blank page (folio 31 verso)
032r
Physics & MechanicsOn motion: the line of movement and the throwing-stick
032v
Physics & MechanicsWhy one large bell carries farther than many small ones
033r
Machines & DevicesGear-train sketch with pen note and red-chalk figures
033v
Physics & MechanicsOn motion: force, weight and distance in throwing a stone
034r
Fables & ProseThree prophecies: mown grass, changing flesh, the vair
034v
FlightBone-structure of a bird's wing: three sources of power
035r
Blank leaf (folio 35r)
035v
Physics & MechanicsOn tensioning strings tuned in octaves
036r
GeologyThree spheres: the earth with mountains, and numbers
036v
Blank leaf (folio 36v)
037r
Figure StudiesSeated woman with a child in her lap
037v
Blank leaf (folio 37v)
038r
Blank leaf bearing a red-chalk number (folio 38r)
038v
Arithmetic & ProportionArithmetic proportions, and a note to send for wheat
039r
Arithmetic & ProportionProportion of powder and barrel in a small firearm
039v
Blank leaf
040r
Figure StudiesRed-chalk studies of a half figure with bent, spread legs
040v
Arithmetic & ProportionMultiples 3 6 9 with a diagram of the earth's sphere
041r
GeometryTwo mountains rising from the earth's circumference
041v
Fables & ProseA moral maxim beside a set of concentric circles
042r
GeometryEqual Division of a Rectangle: a Equals b
042v
Physics & MechanicsThe Bounce of a Cannonball: Trajectory and Proof
043r
GeometryPerspective Studies of Hollow Parallelepipeds
043v
HydraulicsWater Jet from a Double Pipe
044r
GeometryEqual Divisions of Straight and Curved Rectangles
044v
Physics & MechanicsOn Weight: Flinging the Arms on a Balance
045r
Physics & MechanicsGreater and lesser inequality; air resisting a man's arms
045v
Physics & MechanicsWeight of a man on a ladder, and his centre of gravity
046r
Physics & MechanicsCan cloud motion be known from their shadows?
046v
Sculpture & CastingHow to cast a large sheet of lead
047r
GeometryRight and oblique solids: parallelepiped, cube, triangle
047v
Physics & MechanicsNote on the friction of the timbers at a b
048r
Physics & MechanicsA wedge driven under a beam, and a perspective diagram
048v
Physics & MechanicsOn motion: air resistance and the fall of weights of 16 and 1
049r
Weapons & FortificationUsing gunpowder to blast a lock and to storm walls
049v
Machines & DevicesA hand loom and the making of the heddle
050r
Machines & DevicesHow to make the heddle
050v
Physics & MechanicsWhy a running man and horse bear less weight
051r
Physics & MechanicsA Turning Wheel and the Loading of Its Pole
051v
Ornament & HeraldryDecorative and Indeterminate Sketches
052r
ArchitectureBuilding with Arches and Buttresses
052v
Figure StudiesProfile Head, Names, and a Prophecy of the Goats
053r
ArchitectureArchitectural Elements with Their Measurements
053v
Physics & MechanicsA Balance That Lifts Infinite Weight
054r
ArchitectureCanal bridge, a wheel, and a square within a ring
054v
Machines & DevicesMechanical device, a flower, and calculations
055r
Machines & DevicesMechanical device, gear-trains, and arithmetic
055v
Physics & MechanicsBalance with weights and a square inscribed in a circle
056r
Blank leaf (folio 56r)
056v
Sculpture & CastingMould for casting a bombard
057r
Physics & MechanicsOn Motion: the Bombard that Casts its Ball Farthest
057v
Physics & MechanicsOn Motion: a Crossbow Casting Weights of Differing Thickness
058r
Weapons & FortificationOn Motion: the Forms of Bombards and their Blasts
058v
Blank page (folio 58v)
059r
Blank page (folio 59r)
059v
Physics & MechanicsOn Motion: a Weight Dropped through the Centre of the World
060r
Personal NotesNear-blank leaf with a small red-chalk mark (fol. 60r)
060v
Lists & AccountsA herb sauce recipe and a note on cloths lost by Salai
061r
Arithmetic & ProportionPage of multiplications and calculations (fol. 61r)
061v
Fables & ProseProphecy of the shoemakers amid columns of figures
062r
Weapons & FortificationOn impact: a rule for the powder charge of projectiles
062v
Figure StudiesThe attitudes of figures reacting around a table
063r
Ornament & HeraldryEmblematic devices and notes on figures' gestures
063v
ArchitectureArchitectural moulding profiles with calculations
064r
Physics & MechanicsLater inscription: 'Mechanica potissimum'
064v
Lists & AccountsCasting recipe and the burial expenses of Caterina
065r
Lists & AccountsNote on prominent veins; seed inventory and sums
065v
Physics & MechanicsFree fall and a ship's buoyancy; a capped head
066r
Physics & MechanicsWeight of suspended beams shared among their cords
066v
Physics & MechanicsWeights on a pair of connected suspended beams
067r
Physics & MechanicsDividing a beam's weight among added cords
067v
Physics & MechanicsUnequal cords bear the same weight unequally
068r
Physics & MechanicsBeam on three cords loaded by three weights
068v
Physics & MechanicsOn motion: a sand cone and a rotating sorting vessel
069r
Physics & MechanicsFour beams balancing their weights; a screw of varied thread
069v
Physics & MechanicsOn motion: a cannonball in fog and an arrow bending in water
070r
Weapons & FortificationOn the bombard: degrees of velocity as fractions of a circle
070v
Physics & MechanicsFalling bodies keep equal intervals; a roof section of the Castle
071r
Weapons & FortificationVelocity of bombards: fire, powder and weight of the ball
071v
Weapons & FortificationBombard diagram with measures of motion and a quadrant
072r
Weapons & FortificationBombard with a Flattened, Cheese-Shaped Stone Shot
072v
Physics & MechanicsThe Law of the Block-and-Tackle
073r
Physics & MechanicsBalancing Two Tackle-Hung Weights at m and n
073v
Physics & MechanicsPile-Driver Raised by a Man with Pulley and Rope
074r
Machines & DevicesPile-Driver with Access Ladder and Geared Hoist
074v
Physics & MechanicsThree Suspended Rods: Combining Movers and Counter-Levers
075r
Physics & MechanicsThe Crossbow: Blow and Motion Given to the Arrow
075v
Physics & MechanicsWeights Held by Cords Wound on Rollers
076r
Physics & MechanicsLoading Cords with Rings and Wedges
076v
Physics & MechanicsTwo Weights on a Compound Pulley Block
077r
Physics & MechanicsWedges Driven into a Wooden Block with a Mallet
077v
Machines & DevicesFour Screws with Different Thread Pitches
078r
Machines & DevicesThree screws and why a screw bends when it presses
078v
Physics & MechanicsTrading time, force, motion and weight to lift a load
079r
Machines & DevicesStrength of square, triangular and right-angled screw teeth
079v
Physics & MechanicsFinding the centre of three weights hung at random distances
080r
Physics & MechanicsCentre of gravity of a suspended triangle divided in nine
080v
Physics & MechanicsLoads on a balance beam carried by a support pole
081r
Physics & MechanicsBalance Beams and the Sesquitertian Ratio of Weights
081v
Physics & MechanicsThe Weight of the Balance Arms Must Be Counted
082r
Machines & DevicesWater Tenfold the Volume of Lead; a Geared Counterweight Device
082v
Physics & MechanicsThe Quadruple Pulley and the Cubic Rule for Cord Loads
083r
Physics & MechanicsEight Pulleys on a Beam: Doubling of Power Along a Cord
083v
Physics & MechanicsTwo Pulley Systems: How Four Pounds Loads the Top Cord
084r
Physics & MechanicsPulley rigs and the weight a cord must bear
084v
Physics & MechanicsWeights hung along an inclined and a horizontal beam
085r
Physics & MechanicsOblique beam held in place by two weights, one via a pulley
085v
Physics & MechanicsFriction is separate from weight: moving loads on a plane
086r
Physics & MechanicsWeight hung by cords versus weight on rollers
086v
Physics & MechanicsTesting the friction of a dragged load
087r
Physics & MechanicsRaising 100 lb up an incline; the labour of the screw
087v
Physics & MechanicsLoaded beams, double scaffolds, and the strength of angles
088r
Physics & MechanicsBeams, pulleys and counterweights; weighing the blow
088v
Physics & MechanicsTwelve beams bent into arcs by hanging weights
089r
Physics & MechanicsTen timbers bent into arcs by weights and tie-rods
089v
Physics & MechanicsWhy the overbalanced wheel cannot turn forever
090r
Physics & MechanicsWheel for Perpetual Motion: Rebound of the Counterweight
090v
Physics & MechanicsWheel for Perpetual Motion: Weight Beyond the Pole
091r
Physics & MechanicsWheel for Perpetual Motion: Eight Balls in Twelve Channels
091v
Physics & MechanicsWheel for Perpetual Motion: Proof of Impossibility
092r
ArchitectureLoad-Bearing Arches: Counterweights Against Collapse
092v
Physics & MechanicsThe Center of the Weight Rests Below the Pole
093r
Physics & MechanicsWeight slid along a suspended beam; thrust of octagon arches
093v
Physics & MechanicsTwo equivalent beams sharing a load with the pivot
094r
Physics & MechanicsThe law of the balance-wheel and its force
094v
Physics & MechanicsA counterweight turning a train of wheels
095r
Physics & MechanicsSuspended beams under weights, tested by experiment
095v
Machines & DevicesCrank-driven shaft raising weights by pulleys
096r
Physics & MechanicsA Loaded Beam and the Strength of Its Span
096v
Physics & MechanicsTwo Suspended Beams of Differing Obliquity
097r
Machines & DevicesWeight Raised by a Large Screw
097v
Physics & MechanicsBalanced Rods and Weights on Pulleys
098r
Physics & MechanicsTwo Suspended Rods and the Division of a Load
098v
Physics & MechanicsConfirming the Balance Proof with Weights 4 and 2
099r
Physics & MechanicsWeights on cords: equal angles load both ends alike
099v
Physics & MechanicsWeights on cords: a halved angle doubles the load
100r
Physics & MechanicsWeights on cords: end-loads follow the ratio of the angles
100v
Machines & DevicesWhy a small auger needs no guide but a large one does
101r
Optics & LightWhy a fast-spinning pierced body does not hide what is behind it
101v
Physics & MechanicsDistributing a hung weight to the ends of a cord
102r
Physics & MechanicsTwo cords equally loaded; three vessels pouring water
102v
Physics & MechanicsRod-and-pulley weight systems; a fountain spouting from three pipes
103r
Physics & MechanicsWinding beam that raises one weight as it lowers another
103v
Physics & MechanicsA loaded cord and its counterweight: correcting the 32 for 4
104r
Physics & MechanicsTwo tested horizontal rods and the rule for a loaded cord
104v
Physics & MechanicsThe perpetual-motion wheel: finding where its weights come to rest
105r
Physics & MechanicsWeight Hung by Many Cords from a Balance Beam
105v
Physics & MechanicsBalancing Three Weights with Two Counterweights
106r
Physics & MechanicsPlacing an 8-Pound Counterweight Against Three Loads
106v
Physics & MechanicsWeighing by Percussion Along a Hinged Arm
107r
Physics & MechanicsWeight of Balls on a Support of Varying Obliquity
107v
Physics & MechanicsExperiment to Measure the Force of Percussion
108r
Physics & MechanicsForce needed to draw a cart up a slope
108v
Physics & MechanicsFinding the centre of two suspended weights
109r
Physics & MechanicsWeight on an oblique line (like folio 108r)
109v
Physics & MechanicsWeight moved through a quarter circle
110r
Physics & MechanicsMoving and moved weight over a pulley
110v
Physics & MechanicsEqual load felt by a cord at two points
111r
Physics & MechanicsExperiment on thick vs. thin fulcrums and ease of motion
111v
Physics & MechanicsBalance beam with weights in double proportion
112r
Physics & MechanicsSuspended rod balancing weights at m, a and n
112v
Physics & MechanicsThree weights raised on a rope through pulleys
113r
Physics & MechanicsPulley weights and the law of constant resistance
113v
Physics & MechanicsWill two weights lift the load f? A pulley problem
114r
Physics & MechanicsWeights on Pulleys and How Much They Lighten a Load
114v
Physics & MechanicsMotion of a Ball Along the Chords of an Arc
115r
Physics & MechanicsWhere a Suspended Rod Hangs: Centre and Obliquity
115v
Physics & MechanicsCentre of Gravity of Two Joined Rods
116r
Physics & MechanicsCentre of Gravity of a Loaded Rod
116v
Physics & MechanicsDefinitions of Gravity, Weight and Lightness
117r
Physics & MechanicsGravity, force, percussion; water poured between two pipes
117v
HydraulicsWater poured between vessels of different bore
118r
Physics & MechanicsConstructing the triangular balance
118v
Physics & MechanicsPlacing four weights on the experimental balance
119r
Physics & MechanicsConstructing the quadrangular balance
119v
Physics & MechanicsPositioning three weights on a suspended rod
120r
Physics & MechanicsTriangular balance: a worked example with weights 3, 6, 1
120v
Physics & MechanicsSeven triangular-balance cases worked out in numbers
121r
Physics & MechanicsFinding the weight positions without knowing the fulcrum
121v
Physics & MechanicsWhich of two weights sits nearer the balance's pole
122r
Physics & MechanicsGreatest and smallest weights are set opposite the middle
122v
Physics & MechanicsThe triangular balance stays steady in any orientation
123r
Physics & MechanicsMaking a triangular balance
123v
Physics & MechanicsLoads on cords bent over pulleys
124r
Physics & MechanicsCart wheels and the ease of hauling
124v
Physics & MechanicsThe greatest ease of motion: friction and the wheel on its axle
125r
Physics & MechanicsA perfect circle touching a plane at a single point
125v
Physics & MechanicsA falling cube and equivalent pulley systems
126r
Physics & MechanicsTriangular balance of three equal arms
126v
Physics & MechanicsEquidistant centres of weight and the earth's shifting centre
127r
Physics & MechanicsThe centre of weight of a composite rod
127v
Physics & MechanicsComposite and simple rods in equilibrium
128r
Physics & MechanicsWhy an oblique suspended rod rights itself
128v
Physics & MechanicsTwo connected weights falling onto a crossbeam
129r
Physics & MechanicsA wire-drawing die and rods sustaining weight
129v
GeometrySquares inscribed obliquely within squares
130r
Physics & MechanicsFalling weights and the force of their blow
130v
Physics & MechanicsWater or wind striking obstacles at different angles
131r
Physics & MechanicsImpact of a square body versus a round body
131v
Physics & MechanicsOn friction: its simple and composite kinds
132r
Physics & MechanicsOn Friction: Thin Media and Rollers That Ease Rubbing
132v
Physics & MechanicsOn Friction: Contact Area and the Wearing Compass Point
133r
Physics & MechanicsOn Friction: Why No Perfect Circle Can Be Drawn
133v
Physics & MechanicsWheel for Perpetual Motion
134r
Physics & MechanicsFinding the Centre of Gravity of Seven Suspended Weights
134v
Physics & MechanicsFour Suspended Rods with Weights: A Simpler Balance Case
135r
Physics & MechanicsSuspended Rods: Locating the Center of Gravity of Weights
135v
Physics & MechanicsFour Balanced Rods: Center of Gravity Always at Line m n
136r
Physics & MechanicsA 15-Pound Load on Three Cords: Dividing Weight by Proportion
136v
Physics & MechanicsGeneral Method for the Center of Gravity of Weights on a Rod
137r
Physics & MechanicsSuspended Rod: Working the Weights by Multiplication
137v
Physics & MechanicsThree Weights on a Rod and the Law of the Lever
138r
Physics & MechanicsFinding the pole of a balance from its two weights
138v
Physics & MechanicsSuspended beam and a ball on an inclined plane
139r
Arithmetic & ProportionDistributing 12 pounds onto the three cords of a beam
139v
Physics & MechanicsCentre of the cords divides the beam as 4 is of 6
140r
Physics & MechanicsEqual loading of three equidistant cords on a beam
140v
Physics & MechanicsMidpoint of the cords divides a beam by its opposite weights
141r
Physics & MechanicsBalance rod: proving the equality of suspended weights
141v
Physics & MechanicsSuspended rods with notes on impetus and motion
142r
Physics & MechanicsRod on eight cords: equal sharing of a weight
142v
Physics & MechanicsBall on an inclined plane: time and velocity of descent
143r
Physics & MechanicsMixed motion and the double-curve path of a thrown ball
143v
Physics & MechanicsPulley and cord: how the cord's angle changes the force
144r
Physics & MechanicsSuspended beams and the velocity of falling weights
144v
Physics & MechanicsA rod on a support: equal effort to raise or to lower
145r
Physics & MechanicsRods hung by cords: the cord nearer the centre bears more
145v
Physics & MechanicsThree cords sharing a beam's weight in equal parts
146r
Physics & MechanicsDistributing four pounds among three cords on a beam
146v
Physics & MechanicsA general method for the load on each cord of a beam
147r
Physics & MechanicsDividing a load among a rod's suspension points by proportion
147v
Physics & MechanicsFive paired rods with stepped weight ratios
148r
Physics & MechanicsBalancing rods by sub-double and sub-quadruple ratios
148v
Physics & MechanicsWeights suspended from a disc by three cords
149r
Physics & MechanicsLoad shared between two cords on a suspended rod
149v
Physics & MechanicsSix suspended rods: a 'universal rule' of weights
150r
Physics & MechanicsWeight of a rod shared between two suspending cords
150v
Physics & MechanicsWeight transferred between a fixed and a moving cord
151r
Physics & MechanicsRod on two cords: weight change with unequal spacing
151v
Physics & MechanicsProportional rules for the weights on two cords
152r
Physics & MechanicsSymmetric versus one-sided motion of the cords
152v
Physics & MechanicsWeights on cords, and the acceleration of falling bodies
153r
Physics & MechanicsHow a suspended rod shares its weight between two cords
153v
Physics & MechanicsBalance with arms in double proportion, tested by experiment
154r
Physics & MechanicsDouble-proportion balance and centres of solid figures
154v
Physics & MechanicsEqual arms and the spaces from centre to pole of a balance
155r
Physics & MechanicsBalance beam a m n o p: reducing weights to the pole
155v
Physics & MechanicsThe true centre of gravity of a balance's arms
156r
Physics & MechanicsCenter of Gravity of Balance Arms
156v
Physics & MechanicsCenter of Gravity of a Rod with Two End-Weights
157r
Physics & MechanicsDefining the Arms of a Balance
157v
Physics & MechanicsWeight and the Resistance of Its Support
158r
Physics & MechanicsWeights of Pyramids on Equal Bases
158v
Optics & LightOn the Pupil's Adjustment to Light and Dark
159r
Painting & PerspectiveWax crayons, a bouncing muddy ball, and a wine note
159v
Blank verso bearing the library's round stamp
160r
Blank recto (folio 160)
160v
Near-blank verso with an 18th-century mirror-writing note
Inside of back cover
Inside of the back cover
Back Cover & Spine
Back cover and spine