Rod-and-pulley weight systems; a fountain spouting from three pipes
Two arrangements of rod, weights and pulleys with a question about jets from pipes of different bore
The sheet sets two mechanical arrangements of a rod, weights and pulleys against a hydraulic question. At upper right a curved tube throws water upward, and Leonardo asks which of three pipes of different thickness will make the jet rise higher, the thin or the thick. The remaining diagrams show suspended rods and pulley trains carrying weights, one of them marked 4 4.
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Rod, weights and pulley arrangements
Two systems of a rod loaded with weights and running over pulleys are drawn, one at the top left and another below. A note labels the lower arrangement with the figures 4 4, marking the balancing weights of the pulley train.
Which pipe throws water higher, the thin or the thick?
A curved tube spouts water that leaps up through three pipes of different thicknesses. Leonardo poses the problem of which will throw the jet higher, the thin pipe or the thick one.
Pulley assemblies carrying the weights
The mechanisms combine fixed pulleys, cords and hanging weight-boxes, the pulleys redirecting the cords so the loads hang in balance. The second such assembly is annotated with the figures 4 4.