Toothed wheels driving sliders along channels
Studies of reciprocating and contrary-turning wheel mechanisms
The page carries a column of diagrams of toothed wheels, a tight spiral of small circles and slotted discs. Leonardo describes turning wheel a so that wheel n advances and returns along a channel m–n over repeated sets of four revolutions, and a carriage a that travels a track m–a in proportion to the turns of wheel b. A further note requires wheel m set above wheel n on one shared pole but turning in the opposite direction, with an oval channel c engaging the pole of wheel a so that it moves alternately nearer and farther from the centre.
On this page
Wheel n reciprocating along channel m–n
Turning wheel a and giving it four revolutions makes wheel n turn upon itself and arrive at m, the opposite side of wheel a; four more revolutions in the same sense return n to its first position. Always turning one way, n thus travels out and back along the channel m n.
Carriage a driven along track m–a
If wheel d is held still while wheel b turns together with wheel n beneath it, the carriage a travels the path m a as many times as wheel b makes turns. The motion of the slider is thus geared directly to the count of revolutions.
Contrary-turning wheels on a shared pole
Wheel m is placed above wheel n on one same pole, but the two must turn in contrary directions. The oval channel c takes the pole of wheel a, so that during the opposed rotation of the two wheels a finds itself now far from the pole and now near it.
