A Water Level by Sighting and Two Earth Augers
Leveling water between two sights, and two screw augers for boring holes to plant vines and fruit.
The top sketch shows a way of leveling water by sighting through two marks (m, a, b, S, t): if a b is still water and a wall is set 100 braccia from b, the fall of the water equals the span S t. Below are two boring instruments: a screw auger turned right by the lever m n to drive itself into the earth and reversed by levers f g to withdraw with the soil, and a second auger (c d) whose lower screw opens the way while the upper part cuts, useful for planting vines or other fruit trees. Later Spanish annotations in a different hand are also present on the sheet but are not transcribed here.
On this page
Another way to level water by sighting (m, a b, S, t)
Let a b be still (dead) water, then set a wall 100 braccia distant from b; as much as the span from S to t measures, so much is the fall of the water. The method reads a water level by lining up two sights.
Screw auger worked by levers m n and f g
Turning the screw to the right with the lever m n drives it into the ground, making its own nut in the earth; fixing m n and turning the levers f g to the left backs the screw out, carrying up the soil that lay above it.
A second auger (c d) for planting
In this tool the lower screw makes the way while the upper part cuts the earth to form the hole. The lever c d loosens the instrument at the start so it draws out easily, and it would serve for planting vines or other fruit trees.