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Paris Manuscript F — 53

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Bibliothèque de l'Institut de France, Paris

Delle varie velocità di corsi dalla superfizie dell'acqua al fondo.

Delle varie obbliquità traversali tra la superfizie al fondo.

Delle varie corrente in superfizie dell'acque.

Delle varie corrente sopra il fondo de' fiumi.

Delle varie profondità de' fiumi.

Delle varie figure di colli coperti dall'acqua.

Delle varie figure de' colli scoperti dall'acque.

Dove l'acqua è veloce in fondo e non di sopra.

Dove l'acqua è tarda in fondo e veloce di sopra.

Dove è tarda di sotto e di sopra, e veloce in mezzo.

Dove è tarda in mezzo, e veloce di sotto e di sopra.

Dove l'acqua ne' fiumi s'allarga e dove si restrigne, dove si piega e dove si dirizza, dove si profonda equalmente nelle larghezze de' fiumi e dov'è inequale, dov'è bassa in mezzo e alta dai lati, dov'è alta in mezzo e bassa dai lati, dove la corrente va diritta per mezzo del fiume, dove la corrente serpeggia buttandosi in diversi lati.

Delle varie obliquità ne' discensi dell'acqua.

Lampada sferica1:

Questa palla debbe essere di diamitro un mezzo o un terzo di braccio, e debbe essere di vetro chiaro e piena d'acqua chiara e una lampade in mezzo col lume circa al centro d'essa palla, e appiccata nel mezzo d'una sala, farà gran lume.

Of the various velocities of currents from the surface of the water to the bottom.

Of the various transverse obliquities between the surface and the bottom.

Of the various currents at the surface of the waters.

Of the various currents over the bottom of rivers.

Of the various depths of rivers.

Of the various shapes of hills covered by the water.

Of the various shapes of hills uncovered by the waters.

Where the water is swift at the bottom and not at the surface.

Where the water is slow at the bottom and swift at the surface.

Where it is slow below and above, and swift in the middle.

Where it is slow in the middle, and swift below and above.

Where the water in rivers widens and where it narrows, where it bends and where it straightens, where it deepens equally across the widths of the rivers and where it is unequal, where it is low in the middle and high at the sides, where it is high in the middle and low at the sides, where the current runs straight down the middle of the river, where the current meanders, throwing itself to various sides.

Of the various obliquities in the descents of the water.

Spherical lamp:

This ball should be a half or a third of a braccio in diameter, and should be of clear glass and full of clear water, with a lamp in the middle, its light about the center of this ball; and, hung in the middle of a hall, it will give great light.

A program of river-current studies; a water-filled spherical lamp

A long list of topics on velocities, currents and shapes of rivers, and a glass-ball lamp for a hall

Hydraulics Optics & Light

Most of the page is a syllabus of water topics to be studied: the various velocities from surface to bed, transverse obliquities, surface and bottom currents, river depths, the shapes of submerged and exposed hills, and the many cases where water runs fast or slow at top, middle or bottom, and where a river widens, narrows, bends, deepens unevenly or meanders. A separate note describes a spherical lamp: a clear glass ball a half or a third of a braccio across, filled with clear water and holding a lamp near its center, which when hung in a hall gives great light. A small drawing of the water-filled globe with its inner flame appears at lower right.

On this page

Syllabus of river-current phenomena

Leonardo lists the studies to make: varied velocities and transverse obliquities between surface and bed, surface and bottom currents, depths, the shapes of covered and uncovered hills, and the cases where water is swift or slow at bottom, top or middle, and where rivers widen, narrow, bend, deepen unevenly or meander to the sides.

Water-filled spherical lamp for a hall

A glass ball a half or a third of a braccio in diameter, of clear glass and full of clear water, with a lamp set near its center, is to be hung in the middle of a hall, where it will give great light.

Reader's Edition — described with AI from the e-Leo transcription.