Waves over the riverbed and the shifting of sand
The wave is slowest at the top of its rise and fastest at the end of its fall
Pen texts written over red-chalk lines analyse the motion of a wave raised by water striking the bottom, which the note says moves oppositely below to above. The wave is slowest at the end of its rise and fastest at the end of its fall. A large arched drawing filled with vertical strokes, in pen over red chalk, fills the upper sheet as a figure accompanying these observations. A closing line adds that sand piles higher beneath the crest of the wave than beneath its trough.
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The wave is slowest at the top of its rise
A wave created by water striking the bottom makes an opposite motion below to that above. It is most sluggish at the end of its rise and moves fastest at the end of its fall.
Arched pen figure over red-chalk lines
The upper part of the sheet carries a large arched drawing filled with vertical hatching, drawn in pen over red-chalk lines, serving as the figure that accompanies the wave notes below.
Sand piles higher beneath the wave crest
The final observation states that sand remains higher under the height of the wave than under its low point, describing how the passing wave sorts the sediment of the bed.