The sun's heat, the point, and the birth of gravity
Mirror-script notes on solar heating, the geometry of the point, and gravity and levity in the elements.
This double page is densely covered in mirror-script surrounding several small diagrams. On folio 205v Leonardo works the geometry of the point — it has no middle, its bounds are nothing, and it is indivisible — sets out an adversary's case that a moving point describes a line, and notes that water freed of earth would form a perfect sphere able to kindle fire when penetrated by solar rays, alongside a remark on friction overcoming weight. Folio 204r carries the 'Catena aurea' discourse, deriving heat and cold, and hence gravity, levity and all motion of the elements, from the nearness and withdrawal of the sun. Further closely written notes and figures on the sheet are not transcribed here.
On this page
Heat and cold from the sun's nearness and withdrawal
The 'golden chain' discourse opens by tracing heat and cold to the sun drawing near and moving away, and makes this the source of all motion in the elements. Leonardo answers an adversary who credits heat to a fire-element, arguing that summer and winter show whether it is the sun or fire that warms and cools us.
Gravity and levity born from the motion of the elements
Gravity and levity are held to be accidents born from the motion of an element within itself, in rarefaction and condensation, gaining power the more they have of life and motion. Heavy and light generate one another and in the same instant destroy one another, illustrated by air placed beneath water so that the water acquires weight.
The point has no middle and is indivisible
Leonardo states that the point has no middle and its bounds are nothing, whence it is indivisible and part of no thing, so that all points joined together are not divisible and are equal to one. A companion note gives the adversary's position that if the point is and can be moved, it describes the line.
Water as a sphere kindling fire by solar rays
Were water to remain without earth around the center of the world, it would take a perfect sphericity of such power that, penetrated by the solar rays, it would kindle fire in combustible things set in the opposite part of the air. He adds that fire shut in dies at once, and so it is in the hollows of the grain.
Friction overcoming weight halts motion
A short note asks that the paper be shown not moving at the same obliquity at which the axle moves. When the power of friction overcomes the power of the weight, Leonardo concludes, the body will have no motion.
