Codex Atlanticus52 pages

• A gear train to multiply motion, force and heat
• On movers, impetus, and the parts' desire for their whole
• Index to a treatise on the movements of water
• The spheres of fire and air: how hail and rain form
• Heat, moisture and the science of waters
• Heavy bodies toward the earth's center, with circle figures
• Perspective: the air full of infinite radiant pyramids
• The center of the world in continual motion
• The Earth as a Star: the Moon, Water and the Sun's Image
• How the eye judges size; the moon's diameter and lustre
• On Light and on the Sea that Girds the Earth
• Mining a fortress angle; the earth's motion and the moon
• On the Eye: Vision by Straight Rays, and the Air Full of Images
• Primitive and Derived Shadow; a Sun-Moon-Eye Diagram
• Letter to the Diodario: The Figure of Mount Taurus
• Experiments on Falling Bodies; Measuring the Sun
• The common centre of the elements and the centre of gravity
• Circle-segment geometry, the tides, and maxims on motion
• The game of geometry: circle transformations and sphere optics
• How air receives bodies' images in light and shadow
• Why the sun's rays cannot fully illuminate the earth
• Solid geometry: cube, sphere, cone and polyhedra
• The earth clothed and stripped of its provinces
• Derivative Shadows and Measuring the Earth's Radius
• On the kinds of motion: temporal, mental, of species and of sound
• The centre of light: shadows, the moon, and vision
• Weight, and the swiftness of the eye, sun-ray, and mind
• Light and shadow on spheres, with sphere geometry and a comet
• Aspects of the moon and reflections of the sun on water
• Light and shadow between sun, moon and earth
• Rat breeding, sun-moon-earth eclipses, and hand muscles
• Balances and Weights About the Center of the World
• The sun's image in water and the roundness of distant light
• The moon's water, reflected sunlight, and eclipse light
• Measuring the sun and moon's size from their distance
• The Moon in Eight Phases and the Sun Reflected on Water
• The sun reflected in water and the book of mirrors
• A method for measuring the course of the sun
• The Solar Ray Through an Aperture: How Light Changes
• An instrument to measure the size of the Earth
• Vision, radiant powers and the pinhole image of an eclipse
• Why is water spherical? The order of the elements
• Draft letter, Plato's Great Year, and star polygons
• The light of the moon: is the moon a mirror of the earth?
• Pulleys, weights, and a personal inventory list
• Cosmic wheel: zodiac and planets as a turning, grinding mill
• The coloured circles around the moon, and a note on an Archimedes manuscript
• Force, time and space diagrams; the spheres of the elements
• Measuring the True Size of the World
• Oblique motion of weights, the sun raising the seas, and descent tests
• How the sun heats and lifts the sphere of water, with calculations
• The astronomical clock of Chiaravalle tower

Codex Arundel12 pages

• Moon-spots, and proportionalities for the angle of incidence
• Does the moon shine by its own light or as a mirror?
• Concave burning mirror: angle of incidence and the converging light pyramid
• Of the Moon: Mirrors, Rays and the Moon's Essence
• Of the Moon: Reflected Sunlight and the New Moon's Brightness
• Falling weights, and why the moon does not shine like the sun
• The sun's heat, the point, and the birth of gravity
• Book I of the Waters: point, line, body, and the sun
• Perspective, the Visual Pyramid, and the Praise of Archimedes
• The Moon's Spots and the Angle of Incidence
• On the Moon: reflected light and the sun upon the waves
• The Golden Chain: Heat, Cold, Gravity and Levity

Codex Forster II2 pages

• Can cloud motion be known from their shadows?
• On Motion: a Weight Dropped through the Centre of the World

Codex Forster III2 pages

• Why heavy bodies fall: driven to the center of the spheres
• The centre of the world and the centre of the earth's weight

Codex Madrid I3 pages

• Gear Teeth, Clock Timing, Joints, and the Sun at the Horizon
• The Common Center of Earth and Water; a Bell Motion
• Why a Sunlit Sphere Casts a Columnar, Not Conical, Shadow

Codex Madrid II3 pages

• Quadrature proofs and the light of the moon
• On the mathematical sciences and their offspring
• The Pyramid as One-Third of the Cube; the Order of the Sciences

Codex Urbinas (Treatise on Painting)4 pages

• Chiaroscuro, Astronomy, and the Universality of Painting
• Light Through a Narrow Slit; Shadows and the Color of Bodies
• Overcast Air, Cloud-Shadows, and Clouds Beneath the Moon
• Clouds by Night Beneath the Moon; A Rule for Their Redness

Paris Manuscript A7 pages

• Whether United Powers Exceed the Same Powers Divided
• Measuring the earth's center and the size of the sun
• Measuring the sun's height and distance from two hilltops
• Heat makes bodies lighter; and the current at the Strait of Spain
• Compound pulleys, rope motion, and a half-lit aperture
• What the moon is; why the sun looks larger at sunset
• Light through apertures and the apparent size of bright bodies

Paris Manuscript C4 pages

• Why bodies near the horizon look larger; sunlight through a chink
• Pyramids of Light and Shade; Why Distant Flames Look Round
• The Sun Mirrored upon the Water
• How the eye discerns a body against its background

Paris Manuscript D1 pages

• The sun's image on water and the borrowed light of the stars

Paris Manuscript E1 pages

• The Eye's Pupil, and a Water-Glass to Enlarge Moon and Stars

Paris Manuscript F41 pages

• In praise of the sun; and Book 10 on reservoir outlets
• The true size of the sun and stars, against Epicurus
• Cube and pyramid on a balance; why stars shine at night
• Luminous and shadowy bodies; the sun's size vs Epicurus
• Water Striking Obstacles, and a Refutation of Epicurus on the Sun
• Measuring the Sun's Size, and Mocking Epicurus
• The rebound of falling bodies; the sphere of water on the earth
• The earth as a star; sunlight bent through the air
• Why the sphere of water has a spherical surface
• The figure of the elements: refuting Plato's solids
• How the images of stars crowd upon the surface of the eye
• The whole sky and its stars imaged in the eye and through a pinhole
• Why stars seen through a pinhole appear diminished
• Why sunlight through an aperture is brightest at its centre
• How light rays penetrate liquids: two refraction experiments
• Book 32: fire moving through boiling water; the sun's heat
• Book 42: on rains - clouds, vapours, snow, hail and frost
• Perspective of Solar Rays: the Sun's Image on Wavy Water
• The Sun's Image Across the Sphere of the Ocean
• The motion of birds, and the earth seen from the moon
• Recipes for imitation agate, and the earth as a star
• Whether the friction of the heavens makes a sound
• Do the stars shine by their own light or the sun's?
• Why planets look larger at the horizon
• Perspective: proportional diminution with distance
• Why the sun's image on water grows with distance from the eye
• Rays past the moon, and why a distant light looks round
• The moon's day and night, and eclipses of sun, moon and earth
• On the Rainbow: Made by the Eye, or by Sun and Cloud?
• Earth as a moon, gravity of the elements, and membraned water
• Why the earth's center of gravity lies at the world's center
• Sea raised by the sun, discharge and fall, and river eddies
• The Light of the Moon and the Forms of Solar Rays
• A Weight Poised Between the Centers of Two Worlds
• Moon Spots, the Levelling Earth, and Canal Waves
• On the Spots of the Moon: Against the Transparency Theory
• On the Spots of the Moon: Against Rarity and the Mirror Theory
• Proof That the Sun Is Hot: Concave Mirror and Water-Ball Experiments
• The Sun's Rays and the Element of Fire
• The moon as a polished mirror and the light of the earth
• The seas make the world shine like the moon; light and the eye

Paris Manuscript G5 pages

• The Light of the Moon: Is the Moon Water?
• Proof that the sun is hot by nature, not by virtue
• Motion of a Body Pouring or Falling onto a Moving Site
• A Body Falling While the Cosmos Turns Once in 24 Hours
• How Wind Forms, and Why a Cloud's Shadow Outruns It

Paris Manuscript H1 pages

• Instruments for orientation: a level, a sundial and a bell device

Paris Manuscript I1 pages

• Experiment on the pupil and the apparent size of stars

Paris Manuscript K3 pages

• Persistence of vision: a star drawn into a fiery line
• A moving eye fixed on a star sees other objects flee backward
• A moving eye fixed on a near object sees the star race across the sky

Paris Manuscript L2 pages

• Erosion and the shifting centre of the earth's gravity
• Clock Gearing Labelled Venus and Sun; Weights of Earth