On the weight of water and the centre of the world
Whether air and water press on the earth; the sea as a vessel; the shifting centre of the elements
Leonardo argues that earth touches water and air but gains no weight from either while they are at rest, citing leaves and grasses that grow on riverbeds yet are not pressed flat. Under the heading Del peso dell'acqua (On the weight of water) he reasons that water weighs only upon a liquid lighter than itself, so a vessel weighs more full of water only in air, and treats the sea as a vessel resting on the earth whose antipodal seas answer one another in weight, keeping the combined centre of gravity of earth and water in continual change. The right leaf gives an Esenplo del centro del mondo (Example of the centre of the world): imagining the earth drawn to the moon's place, the centre of the elements would rest in the air within a floating vessel and not touch it. Small geometric figures - an annulus, a pentagon with diagonals, gridded cones and triangles - are sketched in the lower margin of the left leaf.
On this page
Does water have weight?
Either water has weight or it has not; if it has, why does it not bend the leaves growing on the bed where it rests? Leonardo concludes that water weighs only upon a liquid lighter than itself, such as air, fire or oil, and that a vessel weighs more full of water only when weighed in air, not under water.
The sea as a vessel upon the earth
The sea acts as a vessel resting on the earth, its exposed shores being the lips that receive it. Joined to the rest of the earth, it presses on the air of its antipodes in the rising of the sea, so that antipodal seas correspond in weight, and by their inequality the sea stays in continual change of site.
Example of the centre of the world
Imagine the earth drawn to the moon's place together with its water, the air filling the void it leaves, and a vessel full of air falling: after many ventilated motions it will settle around the centre of the elements, which will rest in the air inside the vessel and not touch it. Were the earth hollowed like a ball full of wind, the centre would lie not in the earth but in the air clothed by it.
Figures with unequal sides; marginal solids
The left leaf opens with the maxim that in bodies of unequal sides there are as many measures as there are angles. In the lower margin Leonardo sketches an annulus, a pentagon crossed by its diagonals, gridded cone forms and triangles.
