A hanging weight passes wholly into its support; friction on a slope
A 12-pound weight dragged up the obliquity m c and its friction
The upper text states that a heavy body sustained by a single support transfers its whole weight into that support, and that this weight is present both in the entire support and in every part of its length. The lower half develops the friction ('confregazione') of a weight dragged along different obliquities: measured on the chord m c, a 12-pound weight loses half its natural gravity, its friction being a quarter of 12 (that is 3) but reaching only a third of its potency, so that a force exceeding 7 is needed to draw it. Quarter-circle diagrams with the points a, o, c, m and the numbers illustrate the argument.
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Weight transferred wholly into its support
A heavy body sustained by a single support transfers all its gravity into that support. The weight of any suspended body is wholly present both in the whole of the support and in every part of its length; and of supports joined at right angles the one bearing more gravity is the more burdened.
Friction of a weight on the obliquity m c
When by the nature of the site the weight has reached half its gravity, its friction has gained a third of its potency. Because the line m c cuts the curve a o at its third at point m, a 12-pound weight there has friction of a quarter of 12 (that is 3) reduced to its third degree (that is 1), so a force exceeding 7 is required to draw it up m c.
Conclusion: friction reaches half its potency
Leonardo says the weight m presses on the line m c by only half its gravity. Since the friction always resists by a quarter of that gravity, the friction will have reached half of its own potency; the quarter proportion holds fully only when the weight is drawn along a horizontal line.
