Loading a bombard onto a cart: Lombard and German methods
Rope-and-beam rigs for hoisting heavy loads, compared across two regional practices
Two schemes for loading heavy objects onto carts are drawn and compared. In the Lombard method a rope tied to the cart's keel at p passes round the weight at m (a bombard set at the head of beam r S) and runs to the oxen's yoke at n; drawing it almost to the end of the beam raises the head at r, brings the load to the middle of the cart, and lets the cart right itself with the weight centred. Leonardo then shows the German practice, which loads without tilting the cart, and judges the Lombard way better because its stronger wheels give the weight a shorter climb.
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The Lombard method of loading a bombard
With the weight (e.g. a bombard) set at the start of beam r S at point m, a rope fixed to the cart's keel at p descends to m, partly wraps it, then runs to the oxen's yoke at n. Pulled almost to the end of beam r S it raises the head at r; drawn on by the oxen it brings the load to mid-cart, and the cart rights itself with the weight centred.
The German method compared
Among the Germans carts are loaded without otherwise tilting them. Leonardo judges the Lombard method better, because with stronger cart wheels the weight has a lesser climb when the cart is tilted than when it is left standing upright.
