Bright backgrounds shrink a body; the echo of a blow
Light and shade around a round body; a blow at n seems to the ear to come from S
A sparsely written page pairing two observations. Among bodies of equal quality equally distant from the eye, the one surrounded by a more luminous field will look smaller. A small diagram (n, S f) treats the reflection of sound — a blow given at n will seem to the ear f to come from S — and Leonardo adds that every visible body is surrounded by light and shadow, so a body of equal roundness appears to have one side larger than the other in proportion as it is more illuminated on that side.
On this page
A brighter field makes a body look smaller
Among bodies of equal quality equally distant from the eye, that which is surrounded by a more luminous field will appear of smaller figure.
The reflection of sound: n heard as if at S
The blow given at n will seem to the ear f to be at S, keyed to the small diagram of n, S, f.
Light and shadow make a round body look lopsided
Every evident body is surrounded by light and shadow; a body of equal roundness so surrounded appears to have one part larger than the other in proportion as one side is more illuminated than the other.